Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 2. Neck, Shoulders, Upper Arm, and Upper Thorax (Lungs)

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 2. Neck, Shoulders, Upper Arm, and Upper Thorax (Lungs)

Plate 2.5

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Anterior jugular v. 2. Inferior constrictor m. (last appearance) 3. Sternothyroid m. 4. Thyroid gland 5. Common carotid a. 6. Vagus nerve, CN 10 7. Sternocleidomastoid m. 8. Internal jugular v. 9. Anterior scalene m. 10. Dorsal root ganglion, T1 11. External jugular v. 12. Brachial plexus of nerves 13. Clavicle 14. Middle scalene m. 15. Subclavius m. 16. Rib 1 17. Coracoid process 18. Long thoracic nerve and lateral thoracic a. 19. Humerus, lesser tubercle 20. Tendon m. subscapularis 21. Subscapular nerve 22. Humeral head 23. Deltoid m.	24. Glenoid process, scapula and rib 2 25. Suprascapular a., v., and nerve 26. Serratus anterior m. 27. Subscapularis m. 28. Serratus posterior superior m. 29. Infraspinatus m. 30. Rhomboideus major m. 31. Rhomboideus minor m. 32. Multifidus m. 33. Trapezius m. 34. Spinal cord, dorsal (sensory) root	35. Supraspinous ligament 36. Vertebra, T2 spinous process 37. Trapezius m. 38. Rhomboideus major m. 39. Rhomboideus minor m. 40. Scapula, medial border 41. Multifidus m. 42. Dorsal scapular nerve and transverse cervical a. and v. 43. Infraspinatus m. 44. Vertebral arch, T2 45. Subscapularis m. 46. Scapula 47. Serratus anterior m. 48. Suprascapular a., v., and nerve 49. Intercostal mm. and subscapular a., v., and nerve 50. Tendon m. subscapularis 51. Glenoid process, scapula 52. Rib 2	53. Humeral head 54. Deltoid m. 55. Subscapular a., lateral thoracic br. to serratus anterior m. (var. 30%) 56. Transverse humeral ligament 57. Tendon m. biceps brachii, long head 58. Humerus, lesser tubercle 59. Intercostal mm. 60. Coracoid process 61. Deltoid m. 62. Long thoracic nerve and rib 1 63. Subclavius m. 64. Middle scalene m. 65. Intercostal mm. 66. Dorsal root ganglion, T2 67. Brachial plexus of nerves 68. External jugular v. 69. Spinal cord 70. Rib 1, costovertebral articulation 71. Anterior scalene m. 72. Vertebra, T1, body 73. Sternocleidomastoid m. 74. Internal jugular v. 75. Longus colli m. 76. Common carotid a. 77. Sternohyoid m. 78. Thyroid gland and inferior thyroid a. 79. Intervertebral disk, T1, fibrocartilage 80. Cricoid cartilage 81. Pharynx, laryngeal 82. Rima glottidis

This section passes through the rima glottidis (82), cricoid cartilage (80), pharynx (81), first thoracic vertebra (72), elements of the brachial plexus (12, 67), and ribs 1 (16, 62) and 2 (24, 52).

The brachial plexus of nerves usually passes into the posterior triangle of the neck between the anterior (71) and middle (64) scalene muscles.

The inferior constrictor (2) is seen for the last time. The pharynx ends in this section; this occurs topographically at the level of the cricoid cartilage (80).

The subscapular artery, lateral thoracic branch, is seen supplying serratus anterior (55).

This variation occurs in about 30°o of individuals. The lateral thoracic artery has also been reported to arise from the second part of the axillary in 50%, from the first part of the axillary in 11%, and from the thoracoacromial artery in 7%.

The thyroid gland (4, 78) is seen bilaterally in this section. Muscles acting on the scapula in this section include serratus anterior (26, 47), rhomboideus minor (31, 39), rhomboideus major (30, 38), trapezius (33, 37), and deltoid (23, 54).

Muscles arising from the scapula in this section include subscapularis (27, 45) and infraspinatus (29, 43).

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