Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 7. Lower Limb

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 7. Lower Limb

Plate 7.30

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Tendon m. extensor hallucis longus 2. Tendon m. tibialis anterior 3. Medial (deltoid) ligament and synovial membrane 4. Great saphenous v. 5. Medial malleolus of tibia	6. Tendon m. tibialis -posterior 7. Flexor retinaculum 8. Tendon m. flexor digitorum longus 9. Posterior tibial a. and v. 10. Lateral and medial plantar nerves 11. Tendon m. plantaris 12. Calcaneal tendon (Achilles)	13. Flexor hallucis longus m. 14. Sural nerve 15. Small saphenous v. 16. Posterior malleolus of tibia 17. Posterior tibiofibular ligament 18. Peroneal a. and v. 19. Tendon and m. peroneus brevis 20. Tendon m. peroneus longus 21. Lateral malleolus of fibula 22. Tibiofibular syndesmosis and articular cavity of ankle	23. Lateral anterior malleolar a. and v. and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve 24. Anterior talofibular ligament 25. Talus 26. Anterior tibial a. and v.

This section passes through the ankle joint (talocrural articulation). The skeletal elements of the joint include the fibula (21), tibia (5, 16), and talus (25). Some important ligaments of the ankle can be identified, and these include the anterior talofibular (24), posterior tibiofibular (17), flexor retinaculum (7), and the medial (deltoid) ligament (3). The blood supply includes the anterior tibial (26), lateral anterior malleolar (23), peroneal (18), and posterior tibial (9) arteries. The intermediate dorsal cutaneous (23), lateral and medial plantar (10), and the sural (14) nerves are identified.

The talocrural articulation is a compound hinge joint (ginglymus) formed of the inferior and malleolar articular surfaces of the tibia, the malleolar articular surface of the fibula, the trochlea, and the superior surface and the medial and lateral malleolar surfaces of the talus. These bones are united by an articular capsule enclosing the joint cavity. The capsule is supplemented by the medial (deltoid), anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and calcaneofibular ligaments. The medial (deltoid) ligament is composed of the tibionavicular, talocalcaneal, anterior tibiotalar, and posterior tibiotalar parts.

The articular cavity (22) is very extensive. Besides following the space enclosed within the articular capsule of the ankle joint, it may extend proximally, between the tibia and fibula, as far as the interosseous membrane.

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