Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System: Veins: Head, Neck, and Thorax
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
The cephalic vein may be small or absent.
The delto-pectoral portion of the cephalic vein was dissected 263 times (189 times in surgery and 74 times on cadavers. In 8 of 10 cases the vein was large enough to admit a 3-4 mm catheter. In 2 of 10 cases the vein was either absent or too small to admit the catheter.
References
Giovanardi, -. (1879) Anomalia della vena cefalica. Spallanzani 8:70-71.
Le Saout, J., Vallee, B., Person, H. Doutriaux, M. Blanc, J. et N. Huu. (1983) Bases anatomiques de l'utilisation chirurgicale de la veine céphalique (V. Cephalica). J. Chir. (Paris) 120 (No. 2):131-134.
Stocquart, A. (1892) Sur un cas d'absence bilatérale de la veine céphalique du bras, chez l'homme. Internat. Monatsschrift für Anatomie und Physiologie 9:389-393.
See also general references cited for the Internal Jugular Vein.
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