Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System: Veins: Abdomen
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
In a case of doubled inferior vena cava, a left ovarian was found draining into the left inferior vena cava.
The gonadal vein may be represented by several vessels or may form a plexus.
The veins may be partially divided into two parts permitting passage of the gonadal arteries through the cleft vessels.
The gonadals may receive a duodenal or a suprarenal vein.
Poynter reported a spermatic vein consisting of a number of intercommunicating trunks, some of which opened into the common iliac vein.
Zumstein found that the right spermatic opened into the right renal vein 4 times in 220 observations.
See also the Renal Vein.
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References
Bergman, R.A., Thompson, S.A., Afifi, A.K. and F.A. Saadeh. (1988) Compendium of Human Anatomic Variation: Catalog, Atlas and World Literature. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore and Munich.
Davis, R.A., Milloy, F.J. and B.J. Anson. (1958) Lumbar, Renal, and associated parietal and visceral veins based upon a study of 100 specimens. Surg., Gynecol. Obstet. 107:1-22.
Krizan, Z. (1958) über eine ungewöhnliche Mündung der Vena ovarica dextra beim Menschen. Anat. Anz. 105:328-331.
Macalister, A. (1868) Irregularity of the spermatic vein. The Medical Press and Circular 5:304.
Poynter, C.W.M. (1922) Congenital anomalies of the arteries and veins of the human body with bibliography. The University Studies of the University of Nebraska. 22:1-106.
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