Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System: Veins: Lower Limb
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
It is sometimes doubled in part of, or throughout the popliteal space. One investigator found this to occur in 17 of 20 subjects (85%) and Poynter found it in 40% of his subjects
The doubled veins may unite in front and behind the artery to form a plexus around that vessel.
A third head of the gastrocnemius muscle may compromise the entire neurovascular bundle or its separated parts (artery, vein or nerve).
Image
131, 
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225, 
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242, 
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435
Double
See Image 225
References
Arnold, G. (1968) Seltene Gefass, und Muskalanomalien am bein. Anat. Anz. 123:471-475
Auvray, -. (1898) Plexus veineux du creux poplité. Bull. de la Soc. Anatomique de Paris 1898:132.
Beaumanoir, (de Brest.), -. (1882) Anomalies artèrielles trouvées a l'autopsie d'un sujet. Bull. de La Soc. Anatomique de Paris 57:316-321.
Bergman, R.A., Thompson, S.A., Afifi, A.K. and F.A. Saadeh. (1988) Compendium of Human Anatomic Variation: Catalog, Atlas and World Literature. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore and Munich.
Connell, J. (1978) Popliteal vein entrapment. Br. J. Surg. 65:351.
Davidson, D.G. (1891) Abnormal arrangements of the veins about the popliteal space. J. Anat. Physiol. 25:154.
Dieulafé, L. (1904) Variations de la veine poplitée. Toulouse Médical 6:78-80.
Langer, C. (1867) Ueber Duplicität der Schenkel-Vene. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 17 (Nr. 22): 337-339.
Poynter, C.W.M. (1922) Congenital anomalies of the arteries and veins of the human body with bibliography. The University Studies of the University of Nebraska 22:1-106.
Robineau, -. (1897) Bifurcation de la veine poplitée. Bull. et Mém. de la Soc. Anatomique de Paris 11:184-185.
Williams, A.F. (1953) the formation of the popliteal vein. Surg, Gynecal. Obstet. 99:769-722.
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