Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Part 1: Muscular System
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
Unusual Muscles of the Larynx.
from Toldt.
Tibioastragalus Anticus
See A. a, tibialis anterior; b, tibioastragalus; c, inferior extensor
retinaculum; gamma, the deepest layer of the retinaculum is the
insertion for the unusual muscle.
from Gruber, 1871.
Expansion of Tibialis Posterior tendon to Oblique Part of
Adductor Hallucis Muscle.
a, oblique part of adductor hallucis; f, flexor hallucis brevis; t,
tibialis posterior tendon. Arrow, deviant tendinous expansion; arrow
head, deviated great toe.
from Gunal, Sahinoglu, and Bergman.
Varieties of Chest, Neck, and Shoulder
Muscles-Sternocostalis.
modified and redrawn from Wood.
Absence of Trapezius
Unilateral Absence of Trapezius.
University of Iowa
Bilaterally Reduced (incomplete) Trapezius.
from Haffner.
Varieties of Chest, Neck, and Shoulder
Muscles-Coracoclavicularis.
modified and redrawn from Wood.
Varieties of Chest, Neck, andShoulder Muscles-Levator
Claviculae.
Modified and redrawn from Wood.
Levator Claviculae
Levator Claviculae
Four-Headed Triceps Brachii.
Al, Long head; Ab, lateral head; Ai, mrdial head; *, tendon of fourth
head.
from Blumenthal.
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