Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System

Journal Sources

Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD

Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed

Papyrus--The early source of paper from Egypt.
No book or journal should be without it!

Our search started with ancient texts and journals and continue to the present time. The source of most of the information summarized on this CD, and the others in the series, have been obtained from original articles from the journals listed below. Additional information has been obtained from secondary sources (books) given at the end of this list:

Journals
Abhandlungen der Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher.
Abhandlungen der Physikalish-Medizinischen Societat zu Erlangen.
Academie de Medecine, Paris (Memoires).
Acta Anatomica Nippon.
Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica.
Acta Morphologica Neerlando-Scandinavica
Acta Physico- Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae
Curiosorum Exhibentia Ephemerides.
Acta Paediatrica.
Aichi Igakkai Zasshi
American Family Physician.
American Journal of Anatomy.
American Journal of Clinical Pathology.
American Journal of Diseases of Children.
American Journal of Neuroradiology.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
American Journal of Sports Medicine.
Anais Paulistas de Medicina e Cirurgia.
Anales dell Circulo Médico Argentino.
Anatomica e Chirurgia.
Anatomica Clinica.
Anatomische Hefte.
Anatomischer Anzieger (Centralblatt für die Gesamte Wissenschaftlichen Anatomie).
Annales d'Anatomie Pathologique et d' Anatomie Normale Médico-Chirurgicale.
Annales de Radiologie.
Annales Medico-Psychologiques.
Annals of Anatomy and Surgery.
Annals of Clinical Medicine.
Annals of Internal Medicine.
Annals of Neurology.
Annals of Surgery.
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
Arbeite aus Anatomie Institut Sendai
Archiv für Anatomie (Zeitschrift für anatomie und Entwickelungsgeschichte).
Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie und Wissenschaftliche Medizin (Continuation of Reil's, Reil und Autenrieth's, J.F. Meckel's, Joh. Muller's, und Reichert und DuBois-Reymonds's Archiv).
Archiv für die Gesammte Physiologie des Menschen und der Thiere.
Archiv für die Physiologie (Reil).
Archiv für Kinderheilkunde.
Archiv für Klinische Chirurgie (von Langenbeck's).
Archiv für Orthopädische und Unfall-Chirurgie.
Archiv für Orthopädie, Mechanotherapie und Unfallchirurgie.
Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medizin (Virchow's).
Archiv Nauk. Antropologicznich (Warsaw).
Archiv für Psychiatric und Nervenkrankheiten (Berlin).
Archives d'Anatomie, d'Histology et d'Embryologie.
Archives de Médecine des Enfants.
Archives de Physiologie Normale et Pathologique.
Archives Franco-Belges de Chirurgie.
Archives Générales de Médecine.
Archives Italiennes de Biologie.
Archives of Internal Medicine Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry.
Archives of Pathology.
Archives of Pediatrics.
Archives of Surgery.
Archives of the Diseases of Childhood.
Archivio di Ortopedia (Milan).
Archivio Italiano di Anatomia e Embriologia.
Archivio Per Le Scienze Mediche.
Arquivo de Anatomia e Antropolgia.
Atti dell'Accademia dei fisiocritici in Siena.
Atti dell'Accademia Gioenia de Scienze Naturali in Catania.
Atti della Reale Accademia Medico-Chirurgica di Napoli.
Atti della Societa Dei Naturalisti e Matematici di Modena
Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti.
Atti Reale Accademia Peloritana, Messina.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery.

Beiträge zür Klinischen Chirurgie (Bruns).
Beiträge zür Pathologischen Anatomie und zür Allgemeinen Pathologie (Ziegler).
Bericht über die Fortschritte der Anatomie und Physiologie.
Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift.
Bibliographie Anatomique.
Biologisches Centralblatt.
Bollettino della Societa dei Naturalisti in Napoli
Bollettino/Societa tru e Cultori delle Scienze Mediche in Siena.
British Journal of Plastic Surgery.
British Medical Journal.
Bulletin Biologique de la France et de Belgique.
Bulletin de l'Académe Impériale des Sciences de St. Peterbourg.
Bulletin de l'Academie de Medecine.
Bulletins de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris.
Bulletins de la Société de Pédiatrie de Paris.
Bulletins et Memoires de la Société Anatomique de Paris.
Bulletins et Memories de la Société de Chirurgie de Paris.

California and Western Medicine.
California Medicine.
Canadian Journal of Surgery.
Canadian Medical and Surgical Journal.
Canadian Medical Association Journal.
Centralblatt für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie (Ziegler).
Centralblatt für die Medizinischen Wissenschaften.
Chiba Igakki Zasshi
Chirurgica.
Chiryo to Keiken
Circulation.
Clinical Anatomy.
Clinical Genetics.
Clinical Neurosurgery.
Clinical Orthopedics.
Clinical Radiology.
Clinical Society of London (Transactions).
Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae
Correspondenz-Blatt für Schweizer Aerzte.

Delaware State Medical Journal.
Der Nervenartz.
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift.
Deutsche Zeitschrift für Chirurgie.
Dai Sankai Igakkai Zasshi.
Diseases of the Chest.

Edinburgh Medical Journal.
Exerpta Medica.

Fakultät Okayama
Folia Morphologica (Warsaw).
Folia Morphologica (Prague).
Formosan Medical Association Journal.
Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Röntgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin.
Fortschritte der Medicin.
Frankfurter Zeitschrift für Pathologie.
Fukuoka Ikadaigaku Zasshi.

Gaillard's Medical Journal.
Gazette des Hôpitauz Civils et Militaires (Lancet Francaise).
Gazette Hebdomadaire des Sciences Medicales de Bordeaux.
Gazzetta Medica Italiana: Provincie Venete.
Giornale della Accademia di Medicina di Torino.
Glasgow Medical Journal.
Gun-idan Zasshi.
Guy's Hospital Reports.

Hand.
Hand Clinics. Handlingar av Svenska Veternskapsademien.
Heart.
Helvetica Paediatrica Acta.
Henle u. Pfeufer Zeitschrift (Zeitschrift für Rationelle Medicin).
Hiroshima Daigaku Igakubu Kaibogaku Daiichi Koza Gyosekishu.
Hiroshima Igakubu Kaibogaku Daiichikoza Gyosekishu.
Hokuetsu Igakkai Zasshi. Human Biology.
Hygiea (Stockholm).

Igaku Kenkyu.
Ijishinbun.
Ikaishuho.
Il Policlinico (Sezione Chirurgica, Medica, Pratica).
Illinois Medical Journal.
Industrial Medicine.
International Clinics.
International College of Surgeons.
International Surgery.
Internationale Klinische Rundschau.
Internationale Monatsschrift für Anatomie und Physiologie.
Iwate Igakusenmongakko Zasshi.
Iwate Ikadaigaku Kaibogakukyoshitsu Gyosekishu.

Jahrbuch für Kinderheilkunde und Physische Erziehung.
Jahres-Bericht der Schlesischen Gesellschaft für vaterländische Cultur.
Jahresberichte über die Fortschritte der Anatomie und Physiologie (Schwalbe).
Japanese Journal of Medical Sciences.
Japanese Journal of Orthopedics and Traumatology
Jenaische Zeitschrift für Medicin und Naturwissenschaft.
Jicchi Ika to Rinsho.
Jikeikai Ikadaigaku Kaibogakukyoshitsu Gyosekishu.
Jinruigaku, Jinruiidengaku, Taishitsugaku Ronbumshu.
Jinruigaku Shuho.
Jinruigaku Zasshi.
Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin.
Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports.
Jordan Medical Journal.
Journal de Chirurgie.
Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie Normale et Pathologie de l'Homme et des Animaux.
Journal de Médecine, Chirurgie, Pharmacie, etc.
Journal de Médecine de Bordeaux et du Sud-Ouest.
Journal de Radiologie d'Electrologie et de Médecine Nucléaire.
Journal des Sciences Medicales de Montpellier.
Journal of Anatomy and Physiology (Journal of Anatomy).
Journal of Arkansas Medical Society.
Journal of Hand Surgery.
Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases.
Journal of Neurosurgery.
Journal of Pediatrics.
Journal of the American Medical Association.
Journal of the Anatomical Society of India.
Journal of the International College of Surgeons.
Journal of the Kuwait Medical Association.
Juzenkai Igaku Zasshi.
Juzenkai Zasshi.

Kagoshima Daigaku Igaku Zasshi.
Kagoshima Igakkai Zasshi.
Kaibogaku Zasshi (Journal of Anatomy).
Kanazawa Daigaku Igakubu Kaibogakubu Kyoshitsu Gyosekishu.
Kanazawa Ikadaigaku Kaibogakukyoshitsu Gyosekishu.
Kansai Ikadaigaku Zasshi.
Keio Igaku Zasshi.
Kokubyori Gakkai Zasshi.
Kokukaibogaku Kenkyu.
Kumamoto Daigaku Igakubu Daiichi Kaibogakukyoshitsu Gyosekishu.
Kumamoto Daigaku Igakubu Kaibogakukyoshitsu Gyosekishu.
Kumamoto Igakkai Zasshi
Kurume Igakkai Zasshi.
Kyushi Gakuho.
Kyushu Igakusenmongakko Igakkai Zasshi.
Kyushu Shikagakkai Zasshi.

La Chirurgia degli Organi de Movimento.
Lancet
L'Osservatore Gazzeta delle Cliniche (Torino).
La Pediatria.
La Presse Médicale.
La Radiologia Medica.
La Reforma Medica.
La Sémaine Medicale.
La Société de Biologie Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances et Memoires.
La Association des Anatomiste, Comptes Rendus.
London Medical Gazette.
Louisville Medical News.
Lyon Chirurgical.
Lyon Medical.

Mayo Clinic, Proceedings of the Staff Meetings.
Medical and Surgical Reporter.
Medical Clinics of North America.
Medical Journal of Shinshu University.
Medical Record.
Medical Times.
Medico-Chirurgical Transactions (Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh).
Medico-Chirurgical Transactions (Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London).
Medizinische Jahrbücher (Wien).
Memoires de la Societe d'Anthropologie de Paris.
Mémoires de L'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg.
Memorie della Royal Accademia della Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna.
Minerva Pediatrica.
Minnesota Medicine.
Minzoku Eisei.
Mitteilungen aus den Grenzgebieten der Medizin und Chirurgie.
Monatsschrift für Kinderheilkunde.
Monatsschrift für Unfallheilkunde und Versicherungsmedizin.
Montpellier Médical.
Montreal General Hospital (Annual Reports).
Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift.
Muscle and Nerve.

Nagasaki Igakkai Zasshi.
Nagoya Igakkai Zasshi.
Nagoya Journal of Medical Sciences.
Nederlands Archief Voor Genees- En Natuurkunde.
Nederlandsch Lancet.
Neurologisches Centralblatt.
Neurology (Minneapolis).
Neurosciences Research Program Bulletin.
New York Medical Journal.
New York State Journal of Medicine.
Nihon Byorigakkai Zasshi.
Nihon Daigaku Igaku Zasshi.
Nihon Ikadaigaku Zasshi
Nordisk Medicin.
Nouvelles Archives du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle.

Orthopaedic Review.
Oesterreichische Medicinische Wochenschrift.
Oesterreichische Zeitschrift für Praktische Heilkunde.
Okajimas' Folia Anatomica Japonica.
Okayama Igaku Zasshi.
Otozure (Osaka Joshi Kotoigaku senmongakko Dosokai).

Paris Médical.
Pediatrics Pester Medizinisch-Chirurgische Presse.
Pester Medizinisch-Chirurgische Presse.
Philadelphia Medical Journal.
Philosophical Transactions, Royal Society of London.
Physiological Reviews.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
Postgraduate Medicine.
Prager Medizinische Wochenschrift.
Prensa Médica Argentina.
Proceedings of the New York Pathological Society.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine.

Quarterly Bulletin of Northwestern University Medical School.

R. Accademia Peloritana, Messina. Atti.
Radiologia Clinica.
Radiology.
Resoconto delle Adunanze e dei Lavori della Reale Accademia Medico-Chirurgica di Napoli.
Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia.
Revista da Associacao Paulista de Medicina.
Revista de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad National, Columbia
Revue Canadienne de Biologie.
Revue d'Anthropologie.
Revue Neurologique.
Revue d'Orthopédie et de Chirurgie de l'Appareil Moteur (Paris).
Ricerche fatti nel Laboratorio di Anatomia Normale della R.
Universita di Roma ed in Altri Laboratoria Biologici.
Riforma Medica.
Rinsho Sanka-Fujinka.
Revista Internazionale di Medicina e Chirurgia. 4:337-344
Röntgenpraxis.
Rozhledy V Chirurgii (Praha)
Rozhlchir. Proha

St. Bartholomews Hospital Reports.
St. Thomas's Hospital Reports.
Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
Schmidt's Jahrbücher de In- und Ausländischen Gesammten Medicin.
Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift.
Science.
Seiikai Zasshi.
Seminars in Roentgenology.
Shika Gakuho.
Shonikagaku Zasshi.
Sicilia Medica.
Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien)., Mathmatisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse.
Société de Anatomie et de Physiologie Normale et Pathologique.
Société de Biologie (et de ses Fillales), Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances et Memoires.
Société de Pédiatrie de Paris.
Société des Sciences de Nancy, Memoires.
Société Médicale des Hopitaux de Paris, Bulletin et Memories.
Sotai taiji no kaibogakuteki kenkyu.
Southern Medical Journal.
Sperimentale, Firenza.
Surgery.
Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics.

Texas State Journal of Medicine.
The American Journal of Medicine.
The American Journal of Pathology.
The American Journal of Roentgenology and Radium Therapy.
The American Journal of Surgery.
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.
The American Surgeon, (Southern Surgeon).
The Anatomical Record.
The Ausrtralian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery.
The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal.
The British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review or Quarterly Journal of Practical Medicine and Surgery.
The British Journal of Children's diseases.
The British Journal of Radiology.
The British Journal of Surgery.
The Charlotte Medical Journal.
The Chinese Medical Journal.
The Gunma Journal of Medical Sciences.
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.
The Journal of Comparative Neurology.
The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine.
The Journal of Medical Research.
The Journal of Mental Science.
The Journal of Pediatric Surgery.
The Journal of the Kansas Medical Society.
The Journal of the Missouri State Medical Association.
The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association.
The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.
The Kurume Medical Journal.
The Medical Journal of Australia.
The Medico-Chirurgical Review and Journal of Practical Medicine.
The New England Journal of Medicine.
The New York Medical Journal.
The Ohio State Medical Journal.
The Quarterly Journal of Medicine.
The Quarterly Review of Biology.
The South African Journal of Medical Sciences.
The Surgical Clinics of North America.
The Transactions of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh.
The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy (Science).
The University Studies of the University of Nebraska.
The Western Journal of Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The Wisconsin Medical Journal.
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.
Tohoku Igakkai Zasshi.
Tokyo Igakai Zasshi.
Tokyo Ikadaigaku Zasshi.
Tokyo Jikeikai Ikadaigaku Kaibogaku Kyoshitsu Gyosekishu.
Tokyo Jikeikai Ikadaigaku Zasshi.
Tokyo Shikadaigaku Kaibogaku kyoshitsu Gyosekishu.
Transactions of the American Surgical Association.
Transactions of the Chicago Pathological Society.
Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.
Transactions of the Pan-Am Medical Congress.
Transactions of the Pathological Society of London.
Transactions of the Pathological Society of Philadelphia.
Transactions of the Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland.
Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy of Science.
Transactions of the Royal Society, Edinburgh.
Transactions of the Royal Society, London.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

University of Pennsylvania Medical Bulletin (University Medical Magazine).
Union Medicale du Nord-Est.
Upsala Läkareforenings Forhandlingar.

Verelagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde.
Verhandlungen der Deutschen Pathologischen Gesellschaft.
Verhandlungen der Physikalisch-Medicinische Gesellschaft in Wurzburgh
Virginia Medical Monthly.
Viertljahrschrift f.d. Prakt.

Western Journal of Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Wiener Archiv für Innere Medizin.
Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift.
Wiener Med. Jahrbücher

Zeitschrift der kais. Kön. Gesellschaft der Aerzte zu Wien.
Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Anatomie:
Part 1) Zeitschrift für Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte.
Part 2) Zeitschrift für Kontstitutionslehre.
Zeitschrift für Klinische Medicin.
Zeitschrift für Kreislaufforschung: Zugleich Forsetzung von Zentralblatt für Herz- und Gefasskrankenheiten.
Zeitschrift für Menschliche Vererbungs- und Kontstitutionslehre.
Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie.
Zeitschrift für Morphology und Pathologie.
Zeitschrift für die Organische Physik.
Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete.
Zeitschrift für Orthopädische Chirurgie.
Zeitschrift für Rationelle Medicin (Henle u. Pfeufer Zeitschrift).
Zentralblatt für Chirurgie.
Zentralblatt für de Gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie.
(398 titles)

Books
Albinus, B.S. (1734) Historia Musculorum Hominis, Apud Theodorum Haak & Henricum Mulhovium, Leidae Batavorum.

Anson, B.J., Ed. (1966) Morris' Human Anatomy, The Blakiston Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.

Henle, J. (1871) Handbuch der Muskellehre des Menschen, in Handbuch der systematischen Anatomie des Menschen. Verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig.

Huber, C.G., Ed. (1930) Piersol's Human Anatomy, 9th ed., L.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.

Hyrtl, J. (1887) Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen, 19th ed. Wilhelm Braunmüller, Wien.

Kopsch, F. (1908) Rauber's Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. Georg Thieme, Leipzig.

Latarjet, A. (1948) Testut's Traité d'Anatomie Humaine, 9th ed., G. Doin & Cie., Paris.

LeDouble, A.F. (1897) Traité des Variations du Système Musculaire de l'Homme et Leur Signification au Point de Vue de l'Anthropolgie Zoologique. Libraire C. Reinwald, Schleicher Freres, Paris.

Schaefer, E.A., Symington, J. and T.H.Bryce, Eds., Quain's Anatomy, 11th ed., Longmans, Green and Co., London.

Testut, L. (1884) Les Anomalies Musculaires Chez l'Homme Expliques par l'Anatomie Comparée. Masson, Paris.

Toldt, C. (1928) An Atlas of Human Anatomy for Students and Physicians. The Macmillian Company, New York.

Vesalius, A. (1543) De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem, Ex officina Joannis Oporini, Basel.

Miscellaneous Sources
In addition to the primary and secondary references, numerous anatomic variations are reported that were found in the dissecting rooms of The Johns Hopkins Medical School, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, and The University of Iowa College of Medicine by indefatigable first year medical students, over a period of many years.

Vesalius' dissecting tools

Examples of Some Very Early References
As interesting examples from very early references, we provide a few here:

In regard to the male gonads, the Bible states;
" For there are eunuchs who have been so from birth, and there are eunuchs who have been made eunuchs by men, and there are eunuchs who have made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of Heaven." Matthew 19:12, @ 80 AD.

In regard to the skeleton,
"And there was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had six fingers on each hand, and six toes on each foot, twenty-four in number; and he also was descended from the giants." 2 Samuel 21:20.

And, from the early medical literature;
Sir Thomas Brown in his Pseudodoxia Epidemica or Commentaries on Vulgar Errors (Second Edition, London, 1660, p.292) speaks of the heated discussion over the biblical story, which arose from the description by Columbus of a female skeleton which possessed a supernumerary rib. "That a man hath one Rib lesse than a Woman, is a common conceit derived from the history of Genesis, wherein it stands delivered, that Eve was framed out of a Rib of Adam; whence 'tis concluded the sex of Man still wants that rib our Father lost in Eve. And this is not only passant with the many, but was urged against Columbus in an Anatomy of his at Pisa; where having prepared the sceleton of a Woman that chanced to have thirteen ribs on one side, there arose a party that cried him down, and even unto oathes affirmed, this was the rib wherein a woman exceeded. Were this true, it would autoptically silence that dispute out of which side Eve was framed; it would determine the opinion of Oleaster, that she was made out of the ribs of both sides; or such as from the expression of the text maintain there was a pleurality required, and might indeed decry the parabolicall exposition of Origen, Cajetan, and such as fearing to concede a monstrosity, or mutilate the integrity of Adam; preventively conceive the creation of thirteen ribs."

God taking a rib from Adam to create Eve.
From the front of the Cathedral at Orvieto, Italy.

The authors have read many thousands of references and have included a summary of these papers in the sections to follow. We wish to make it clear that only a brief summary of these papers can be included here for reasons of time and space. We have provided references in as many as 7 languages and much duplication of data can be seen. Nevertheless, the references provided are accurate and complete and we recommend that they be consulted for many details that may have been inadvertently overlooked. Our treatment of the variations is primarily anatomic but interesting clinical observations are also included. We have included synonyms for all structures having them; these are compared with the current usage given in the Nomina Anatomica. We hope that these listings will make reading in the older literature a bit easier and comprehensible.

There are five books in this series; 1) Muscular System, 2) Cardiovascular System, 3) Nervous System, 4) Organ Systems, and 5) the Skeletal System.
This book is the first of the series.

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