Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System: Alphabetical Listing of Muscles: O
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
The absence of the orbital portion of corrugator has also been reported.
Procerus may be absent on one or both sides, and may be better developed on one or both sides. The attachments vary considerably. Although considered a distinct muscular unit , it is rarely clearly separated from frontalis. The two muscles may be continuous over the bridge of the nose.
Syn.: (Orb. Oc.) m. lacrymalis s. Thränenmuskel s. Horneri s. Rosenmülleri s. tensor tarsi s. sacci lacrymalis, orbicularis palpebrae s. sphincter palpebrae; (Pro.) pyramidalis nasi.
a. saccus lacrymalis; b. os lacrymale; c. musculus lacrymalis; d.
m. corrugator supercilii; e. m. orbicularis orbitae; f. canaliculi
lacrymales; m. depressor supercilii.
from Lesshaft.
References
Anson, B.J., Ed. (1966) Morris' Human Anatomy, 12th ed., The Blakiston Division, The McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
Henle, J. (1871) Handbuch der Muskellehre des Menschen, in Handbuch der systematischen Anatomie des Menschen. Verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig.
Lesshaft, P. (1868) Ueber den Musculus orbicularis orbitae und seinen Einfluss auf den Mechanismus der Thranenabsonderung. Arch. Anat. Physiol. Wissen. Med. 1868:265-301.
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