Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System: Plexuses
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
The following variations have been reported in these nerves. A branch to the phrenic nerve may pass down into the thorax over the subclavian artery or vein before joining the phrenic nerve. An additional bundle from the fifth cervical nerve joining this branch has been reported.
A branch to the rhomboid muscles may pass through the trapezius muscle on its way to the skin close to the midline, at the level of the spinous processes of the fifth and sixth thoracic vertebrae.
In 10 of 254 cases, the clavicle was perforated by the middle branch of the supraclavicular nerves. They traversed the bone in intraclavicular canals and were visible on x-ray films.
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References
Anson, B.J., Ed. (1966) Morris' Human Anatomy, 12th ed. The Blakiston Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
Henle, J. (1868) Handbuch der Systematischen Anatomie des Menschen, von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig.
Kopsch, F. (1908) Rauber's Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. Georg Thieme, Leipzig.
Latarjet, A. (1948) Testut's Traité d'Anatomie Humaine, 9th ed., G. Doin & Cie., Paris.
Olivier, E., Minne, -. et -. Rocquet. (1926) La traversée diaphragmatique du nerf phrenique droit et ses variations. Assoc. Anatomistes Comptes Rendus 21:441-444.
Papadatos, D. (1980) Supraclavicular nerves piercing the clavicle: A study of 10 cases. Anat. Anz. 147:371-381.
Schaefer, E.A., Symington, J. and T.H. Bryce., Eds. (1915) Quain's Anatomy, 11th ed., Longmans, Green, and Co., London.
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