Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus IV: Organ Systems: Digestive System and Spleen
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
The ileum may be doubled.
A tubular or conical diverticulum (Meckel's diverticulum) arises from the ileum in about one in 100 subjects (367 found in 40,439). Its average position is about 52cm (varying from 15 to 100cm) proximal to the ileocolic junction, but it has been observed anywhere from 2.7 to 300cm proximal to the junction.
The diverticulum usually arises from the ileum on the side opposite the attachment of the mesentery. Miyabara, et al and others reported a study of ileal diverticula in 1816 late fetal and neonatal cadavers. They found 61 individuals with diverticula (3.4%). Of the 61(or 3.4%), the diverticulum contained some gastric mucosa (in 11/61), jejuneal mucosa (in 2/61), colonic mucosa (in2/61) and pancreatic tissue (in1/61). As a rule, it varies between 1 and 15cm (average, 4.1cm) in length, and is about the same caliber as the bowel, from which it arises. This diverticulum results from the persistence of a part of the vitelline duct of early fetal life. It is very rarely attached to the umbilicus. The diverticulum may possess aberrant islands of gastric mucosa, pancreatic and duodenal glands. Aberrant tissue has been found in 29.5% of cases, with gastric mucosa accounting for 24.6%. The diverticulum was without aberrant tissue in 47.5% of cases. "Accessory" pancreas of the ileum was first described by Klob in 1859.
The ileocecal valve is variable.
References
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