Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus IV: Organ Systems
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
The iris may be partially or totally absent (coloboma). In some cases, the irides differ in color (congenital heterchromia). The embryonic pupillary membrane may persist; the pupillary membrane was described by Waschendorff in 1738.
References
Haeberlin, C.A. (1908) A congenital anomaly of the iris. Arch. Ophthamol. 37:717-718.
Hentzschel, -. (1831) Congenital absence of the iris. Am. J. Med. Sci. 8:215.
Witnall, S.E. (1932) The Anatomy of the Human Orbit, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, London.
Wolff, E. (1954) The Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit, 4th ed., Lewis, London.
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