Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus IV: Organ Systems: Male Genital System

Penis

Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed

Bifid conditions and complete duplication (diphallus) may occur. Diphallia has a report frequency of 1/5.5 million births (US Public Health Service) (Cernach)

Congenital absence of the penis has a frequency of 1/30,000,000 (documentation unavailable).

An os penis has been reported.

The first reported case of doubled penis was found on a cadaver, in Bologna, in 1609 by Wecker. It was reported as follows: Observatio. Pene gemino visus quidam. Vidimvs Bononia in publicis dissectionibus cadauer viri qui duplicem habuit penem. Cl. v. Ioannes Iacobus Weckerus in Suis mthi communicatis Obseruationibus. The first American case was provided by Van Buren and Keyes in 1874. Bruni (1926) reviewed 15 cases and added one of his own for a total of 16 cases, which he discussed in detail. Additional cases by McLennan, by Kimura, by Seth and Peacock, and by others increased the total to 29 cases that were found in the medical literature by 1932.

Double Penis

Double Penis in Child

Double Penis and Imperforate Anus

Ectopic Scrotum and Diphallia

First Reference to Doubled Penis

Diphallia and Pseudodiphallia

References

Adair, E.L. and E.L. Lewis. (1960) Ectopic scrotum and diphallia. journal 84:115-117.

Agarwal, S. and S.K. Sogani (1984) Diphallis. J. Ped. Surg. 19:213.

Aleem, A.A. (1972) Diphallia: Report of a case. J. Urol. 108:357-358.

Amir, S.S., Mughaireh, A.M., Uri, F.I., Bustami, F.M.F. and A.M. Shamayleh. (1984) Agenesis of the penis: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Jordan Med. J. 18:221-230.

Anom. (18 65) Ein erwachsener Man mit doppelten, volkommen entwidkelten äusseren Geschlectstheilen. Wien. Med. Wochenschrift. 15(75): 1361-1364.

Antony, J. and M.K. Chanrasekara. (1973) Penile agenesis. Internat. Surgery 58:650-652.

Attie, J. (1961) Congenital absence of the penis: A report of a case with congenital concealed penile agenesis and congenital absence of the left kidney and ureter. J. Urol. 86:343-345.

Bartkowiak, Z. (1955) Case of congenital abnormality: Double penis and double scrotum. Urologia Polska 8:173-176.

Bartolin, T. (165 7) Duplex Penis. Historiarum Anatomicarum. Rariorum.

Bauza, J.A. (1932) Marlforación genital (Bifallia parcial) con extrofia y malformaciones múltiples de las manos y pies. Archivos de Pediatria del Uruguay 3:353-355.

Bruni, C. (1926) Arch. Ital. di Urol. 3:143-147.

Bruni, C. (1926) Una rarissima anomalia degli organi genito-urinari: pene doppio. Archivio Italiano di Urologia. 3:143-147.

Bruni, C. (1927) Seltene Anomalie der Urogenitalorgane: doppelter Penis. Zeitschr. f. Urol. 21:193-195.

Campbell, M. (1954) Urology. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia. vol. 1, pp. 397-398.

Cernach, M.C.S.P., Hayashi, H., and D. Soares. (1989) Diphallia associated with malformation of hindgut derivatives. Urol. 33(3):209-210.

Cochrane, W.J. and R.L.de C.H. Saunders. (1942) A rare anomaly of the penis associated with imperforate anus. J. Urol. 47:810-817.

Cohen, S.J. (1968) Diphallis with duplication of the colon and bladder. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 61:305-306.

Culp, O.S. (1970) Facts and fancies regarding anomalies of the male genitale. J. Arkansas Med. Soc, 66:429.

Daut, W.W. and R.V. Daut. (1949) Accessory scrotum, posteriorly located: Review of literature and report of a case. J. Iowa Med. Soc. 39:194.

DiBattista, C., Laudizi, L. and G. Tamborino. (1975) Focomelia ed agenesis pene in neonato. Minerva Pediatr. 27:675-679.

Donald, C. (1930) A case of human diphallus. J. Anat. 64:523-526.

Drury, R.B. and H.H. Schwarzell. (1935) Congenital absence of penis. Arch. Surg. 30:236-242.

Farah, R. and G. Reno. (1972) Congenital absence of the penis. J. Urol. 107:154-155.

Ferulano, O. and C. Alfano. (1957) An unusual case of diphallism associated with polyorchidism; contribution to the study of embryogenic dymorphism. Reforma Med. 71:1145-1161.

Foshall, I. and P.P. Rickham. (1956) Transposition of the penis and scrotum. Brit. J. Urol. 28:250-252.

Gillies, H. and R.J. Harrison. (1948) Congenital absence of the penis. Brit. J. Plast. Surg. 1:8-28.

Goligorskii, S.D. and L.G. Bardier. (1957) A case of plastic repair of bladder sphincter in congenital bifurcation fo penis with incontinence. Urologiia, Moskva 21:70-71.

Harris, R.P. (1898) Congenital absence of the penis, the urethra making its exit into or below the rectum, and emptying the bladder by or exterior to, the anus. Philadelphia Med. Journal 1:71-77.

Heller, J. (1908) Zwei seltene Missbildungen des Penis; a) Diphallus partialis; b) Sogenannte Verdoppelung der Harnröhre. Zeitschr. f. Urol. 2:612-617.

Hollowell, Jr., J., Witherington, R., Ballagas, A.J. and J.N. Burt. Embryologic considerations of diphallus and associated anomalies. J. Urol. 117:728-732.

Johnson, C.F., Carlton, Jr., C.E. and N.B. Powell. (1974) Duplication of the Penis. Urol. 4:723-725.

Johnston, W.G., Jr., Yeatman. G.W. and J.W. Weigel. (1977) Congenital absence of the penis. J. Urol. 117:508-511.

Kessler, W. and A.P. McLaughlin. (1973) Agenesis of the penis. Embryology and management. Urology 1:226-229.

Kherumian, B.R. (1948) Note sur la longueur de pénis des habitants de l'europe centrale. Bull. et Mém. de la Soc. d'Anthrop. de Paris. 9:138-142.

Kimura, H. (1930) The Japan Medical World 10:63-66.

Kirsch, E. Total diphallia: case report of urinary tract abnormalities. Ztschr. Urol. 48:711-720.

Kogan, B.A., Hricak, H. and E.A. Tanagho. (1987) Magnetic resonance imaging in genital anomalies. J. Urol. 138:1028-1030.

Kukstinat, G.J. and R.J. Hasterlik. (1939) Congenital absence of penis. Arch. Pathol. 27:984-993.

Küttner, H. (1896) über angeborene Verdoppelung des Penis. Beitr. Klin. Chir. 15:364-374.

Lange, M. (1898) über komplette Verdoppelung des Penis, kombiniert mit rudimentärer Verdoppelung der Harnblase und Atresia ani. Beitr. Pathol. Anat. Allg. Pathol. 24:223-230.

Lipshutz, A. (1924) A note on a case of bifid penis. J. Anat. 58:254-255.

Lisa, L., Hanak, J., Cerny, M., Faflova, H., Kafka, H. J. Braza. (1973) Agenesis of the penis. J. Pediatr. Surg. 8:327-328.

MacKenzie, J.I. (1878) Congenitally impervious prepuce. Brit. Med. J. 1:335.

Mac Lachlan, D. (1894) Case of double penis. Brit. Med. 1 (2) 1894:964.

MacLenam, A. (1924) Double penis. Glasgow Med. J. 101:287-288.

Marten, A. (1863) Die angeborene Verwachsung des Penis und Scrotum. Arch. Pathol. Anat. Physiol. Klin. Med. 28:555-556.

Melicow, M.M. and A.C. Uson. (1964) A periodic tale of sexual anomalies. J. Urol. 91:402-429.

Meyer, R. (1941) Dislocation of the phallus, penis and clitoris, following pelvic malformations in the human fetus. Anat. Rec. 79:231-241.

McCrea, L.E. (1942) Congenital absence of the penis. J. Urol. 47:818

McLennan, A. (1924) ??????????????. Glasgow Medical Journal 101:287-288.

Mingazzini, E. (1955) A case of double penis. Urol. Internat. 1:188-190.

McIlvoy, D.B. and H.S. Harris. (1955) Transposition of penis and scrotum: Case report. J. Urol. 73:540.

Nesbit, R.M. and W. Bromme. (1933) Double penis and double bladder: with report of a case. Am. J. Roentgenol. 30:497-502.

Perez, C.A. (1957) Complete diphallia. Arch. Españ. Urol. 13:10-20.

Pires de Lima, J.A. (1915) Note on a case of bifid penis, with penial hypospadia. J. Anat. Physiol. 44:85-89.

Pohlandt, F., Kühn, H., Teller, W. and H. Thomä. (1974) Penisagenesie. Weibliche Geschlechtszuweisung unter psychtherapeutischer Betreuung der Eltern. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschrift 99:2166-2172.

Rao, T.V. and- V. Chandrasekharan. (1980) Diphallus with duplication of cloacal derivatives: Report of rare case. J. Urol. 124:555-557.

Rauber, -. (1890) Angeborener Mangel des männlichen Gliedes. Arch. Pathol. Anat. Physiol. Klin. Med. 121:604.

Richart, R. and K. Benirschke. (1960) Penile agenesis. Report of a case, review of the world literature, and discussion of pertinent embryology. Arch. Pathol. 70:252-260.

Romanovsky, R. (1905) Dystopia testis transversa. Anat. Anz. 26:635-639.

Seth, R.E. and A.H. Peacock. (1932) Double penis. Urol. Cutaneous Rev. 36:590-592.

Smith, D.R. (1967) Repair of hypospadias in the preschool children: A report of 150 cases. J. Urol. 97:723-730.

Soderdahl, D.W., Brosman, S.A. and W.E. Goodwin. (1972) Penile agenesis. J. Urol. 108:496-499.

Solomon, A.A., Rosenthal, I. and M.H. Linker. (1950) Double penis associated with supernumerary kidney. J. Urol. 64:705-709.

Tessler, A.N. and P. Mahmood. (1973) Blind-ending duplications of the ureter. Urology, 1:46-50.

Van Buren, and Keyes. (1974) Genito-Urinary Diseases with Syphilis. pp. 4-5.

Van Buren, W.H. and E.L. Keyes. (1874) A Practical Treatise on the Surgical Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Organs, including Syphilis. pp. 4- 5. Appleton, New York.

Vera-Roman, J.M. (1973) Robinow dwarfing syndrome accompanied by penile agenesis and hemivertebrae. Am. J. Diseases Child. 126:206-208.

Villanova, X. and A. Raventos. (1954) Pseudodiphallia, a rare anomaly. J. Urol. 71:338-346.

Volpe, M. (1903) Dell'asta doppia. Policlin., Roma (sez Chir.) 10:46-52.

Wecker, I. (1609) Observationum Medicarum. Rararum, Admirabiium et Monstruosarum Column. Lib IV. De Partibus Genitalibus, p. 577. Pene Gemino Visus Qudam. Francofurti, 1609.

Wecker, I. (1609) Observationum Medicarum. Rararum, Admirabhum et Monstruosarum Columen. Lib IV. De Partibus Genitalibus, p.5 77. Pene Gemino Visus Quidam. In Schenck von Grafenberg, Johannes. Paratereseon, sive observationum medicarum, novarum, admirabilium, & monstrosarum, volumen, tomis septem de toto homine institutum. In quo, quae medici....,Francofurti, E typographeo Nicolai Hoffh-ianni, impensa Jonae Rhodii, 1609.

Wojewski, A. and W. Kossowski. (1964) Total diphalli: A case of plastic repair. J. Urol. 91:84-86.

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