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Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Part III: Nervous System: Synonyms

Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Part III: Nervous System

Synonyms

Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD

Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed


Terminology for the skeleton from the older English, French and German literature related to more modern usage.

* = Synonyms

A |B| C | D| E| F| G| H| I| J| K| L| M| N| O| P| Q | R| S| T| U| V| W| X | Y| Z |

A

Older Terminology

Modern Usage

Accessory calcaneus.
Accessory tarsal scaphoid s.*
the sesamoid bone s.
praehallux s. os naviculare
secundarium s. os
naviculare s. os naviculare
accessorium.

Os trocheare calcanei.

Ala descendens s. palatina.

Pterygoid process

Ala lateralis.

Greater wing of sphenoid.

Ala magna.

Greater wing of sphenoid.

Ala orbitalis.

Lesser wing of sphenoid.

Ala parva.

Lesser wing of sphenoid.

Ala parva Ingrassiae.

Lesser wing of sphenoid.

Ala parva Ingrassiae.

Spine of sphenoid.

Ala temporalis.

Greater wing of sphenoid.

Os alare.

Os sphenoidale.

Antrum Highmori.

Maxillary sinus.

Antrum Highmore.

Maxillary sinus.

Apertura pelvis abdominalis.

Greater pelvic aperture.

Apertura pelvis perinealis.

Inferior pelvic aperture.

Apertura sinus maxillaris.

Maxillary sinus.

Apertura spinalis.

Vertebral foramen.

Apertura spuria canalis Fallopiae.

Hiatus canalis n. petrosi minoris (for inferior petrosal nerve).

Armspindel.

Radius.

Astragalus.

Talus.

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B

Basis, os occipitis.

Pars basilar, occipital bone.

Bassinet.

Pelvis.

Os Bertin.

Sphenoidal conchae.

Os brachii.

Humerus.

Os bregmatis.

Ossa parietalia.

Os Breschet.

Os suprasternale.

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C

Os calcis.

Calcaneus.

Canalis alveolaris inferioris.

Mandibular canal.

Canalis mandibularis.

Mandibular canal.

Canalis maxillaris superior.

Foramen rotundum.

Canalis recurrens.

Pterygoid canal.

Canalis rotundis.

Foramen rotundum

Canalis tensoris tympani.

Semicanal for m. tensor tympani

Canalis vidianus.

Pterygoid canal.

Canalis zygomaticus-facialis.

Zygomaticofacial canal.

Canna major.

Tibia.

Canna minor.

Fibula.

Capitulum.

Head of radius.

Cartilage of Meckel.

Mandibular cartilage.

Cartilage of Morgagni.

Cuneiform cartilage.

Cartilage of Reichert.

Mesenchyme of second branchial arch from which the styloid processes, the stylohyoid ligaments, and the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone is formed.

Cartilage of Santorini.

Corniculate cartilage.

Cartilage of Wrisberg.

Cuneiform cartilage.

Cartilago ensiformis s. xiphoide.

Xiphoid cartilage.

Cingulum extremitatis inferioris.

Pelvic girdle.

Civinini's canal.

Iter chordae anterius.

Collum.

Neck of humerus.

Concha Morgagniana.

Superior concha.

Concha nasalis medialis.

Middle Nasal concha.

Condylos extensorius.

Lateral epicondyle of humerus.

Condylos externus.

Lateral epicondyle of humerus.

Condylos internus.

Medial epicondyle of humerus.

Condylus flexorius.

Medial epicondyle of humerus.

Cornu sphenoidale.

Concha sphenoidalis.

Corpus, os occipitis.

Pars basailar, occipital bone.

Côte.

Rib.

Os cribriforme.

Os ethmoidal.

Crista s. pecten ossis pubis.

Pecten pubis.

Crista femoris.

Linea aspera.

Crista iliopectinea.

Pecten pubis.

Cubitis.

Ulna.

Os cuneiforme.

Os hamatum, manus.

Os cuneiforme.

Os spenoidale.

Os cuneiform.

Os triquetrum, manus.

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D

Dens.

Odontoid process.

Dornfortsatz.

Spinous process.

Vv. dorsales.

Thoracic vertebrae.

Dorsum ephippii.

Dorsum sellae.

Dreiseitige Fontanelle.

Posterior fontanelle.

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E

Ectrokeirie.

Partial or total absence of hand.

Elle.

Ulna.

Ellenbogenbein.

Ulna.

Eminentia capitata.

Capitulum of humerus.

Eminentia capitata.

Head of radius.

Eminentia trochlearis.

Capitulum of humerus.

Ensiform process.

Xiphoid process.

Epactalia.

Sutural bones.

Ephippium.

Sella turcica.

Epihyal bone.

Ossified stylohyoid ligament.

Episternal bone.

Os suprasternale.

Epipteric bone.

Wormian bone.

Epistropheus.

Axis, second cervical vertebra.

Erbsenbeine.

Os pisiforme.

Escresentia ossis humeri insolita.

Supracondylar process of humerus.

Exitus pelvis.

Inferior pelvic aperture.

Exoccipital bone.

Pars lateralis ossis occipitalis.

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F

Fenestra cochleae.

Cochlear window.

Fenestra ovalis.

Vestibular window.

Fenestra rotunda.

Cochlear window.

Fenestra semiovalis.

Vestibular window.

Fenestra vestibuli.

Vestibular window.

Fersenbein.

Calcaneus.

First cuneiform bone.

Os cuneiforme mediale.

Fissura Glaseri.

Petrotympanic fissure.

Fissura orbitalis superiorius.

Superior orbital fissure.

Fissura petrotympanica.

Petrotympanic fissure.

Fissura pterygo-palatina.

Pterygoid notch.

Fissura sphenoidalis.

Superior orbital fissure.

Flower's bone.

Epipteric or wormian bone.

Flügelbein.

Os sphenoidale.

Focile majus.

Tibia.

Focile majus.

Ulna.

Focile minus.

Fibula.

Focile minus.

Radius.

Fontanelle Casseri.

Mastoid fontanelle.

Fontanelle minor.

Posterior fontanelle.

Fontanelle triangularis.

Posterior fontanelle.

Fonticuli lateral anterior.

Sphenoidal fontanelle.

Fonticulus anterior.

Anterior fontanelle.

Fonticulus major.

Anterior fontanelle.

Fonticulus quadrangularis.

Anterior fontanelle.

Foramen alveolare interioris.

Mandibular foramen.

Foramen condyloideum anterior.

Hypoglossal canal.

Foramen condyloideum posterior.

Condyloid canal.

Foramen lacerum posterius.

Jugular foramen.

Foramen maxillare posterior.

Mandibular foramen.

Foramen maxillaris anterior.

Mental foramen.

Foramen medullae spinalis.

Vertebral foramen.

Foramen occipitale.

Foramen magnum.

Foramen occipitale magnum.

Foramen magnum.

Foramen opticum.

Optic canal.

Foramen ovale.

Obturator foramen.

Foramen palatinum anterius.

Incisive foramen or canal.

Foramen of Stenson.

Incisive canal.

Foramen of Vesalius

Foramen between rotundum and ovale (Vesalius' foramen)

Foramen zygomatico anterior.

Foramen of zygomaticofacial canal.

Foramen zygomatico externus.

Foramen of zygomaticofacial canal.

Foramen zygomatico-faciale.

Foramen of zygomaticofacial canal.

Foramen zygomatico internus.

Foramen of zygomaticotemporal canal.

Foramen zygomatico internus.

Foramen of zygomaticoorbital canal.

Foramen zygomatico-orbitale.

Foramen of zygomaticoorbital canal.

Foramen zygomatico posterior.

Foramen of zygomaticotemporal canal.

Foramen zygomatico superior.

Foramen of zygomaticoorbital canal.

Foramen zygomatico temporalis.

Foramen of zygomaticotemporal canal.

Fossa anterior minus.

Radial fossa of humerus.

Fossa articularis maxillae inferioris.

Mandibular fossa.

Fossa capituli radii.

Radial fossa of humerus.

Fossa posterior.

Olecranon fossa of humerus.

Fossa processus coronoidei.

Coronoid fossa of humerus.

Fossa suprasphenoidalis.

Hypophyseal fossa.

Fossa supratrochlearis anterior.

Coronoid fossa of humerus.

Fossa pituitaria

Hypophyseal fossa.

Fossae costales.

Costal pit.

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G

Gaumenbeine.

Ossa palatina.

Gladiolus.

Body of sternum.

Gleider.

Limbs.

Goethe's bone.

Sutural bone at the lambda or os

incisivum.

Gouttière de torsion.

Groove of the radial nerve.

Grand os.

Os capitatum.

Grätenecke.

Acromion.

Greater multangular bone.

Os trapezium.

Gros orteil

Great toe

Grosse Becken.

Greater pelvis.

Grosse Fontenelle.

Anterior fontenelle.

Guyon's petite loge intra-aponeurotique s.
loge de Guyon s.
tunnel of Guyon s.
canal of Guyon s.
space of Guyon s.
channel of Guyon s.
ulnar tunnel s.
pisohamate tunnel s.
ulnar-carpal tunnel s.
neurovascular space

Space of Guyon

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H

Hakenbein.

Anterior fontenelle.

Hamulus frontalis.

Pterygoid hamulus.

Heiligbein.

Sacrum.

Hiatus canalis facialis.

Hiatus canalis n. petrosi minoris.

Hiatus canalis Fallopiae.

Hiatus canalis n. petrosi minoris.

Hiatus maxillaris.

Maxillary sinus.

Hinterhauptsbein.

Os occipitalis.

Hinterhauptsfontenelle.

Posterior fontanelle.

Huguier's canal.

Iter chordae anteria.

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I

Os Incae.

Os interparietale.

Incarial bone.

Os interparietale.

Incisura frontalis.

Supraorbital foramen or notch.

Incisura iliaca major s.

superior.

Greater sciatic notch.

Incisura ischiadica major.

Greater sciatic notch.

Incisura ischiadica minor

Lesser sciatic notch.

Incisura mandibulae.

Mandibular notch.

Incisura scapularis.

Scapular notch.

Incisura semilunaris.

Ulnar notch of radius.

Incisura semilunaris.

Scapular notch.

Incisura semilunaris

s. sigmoidea.

Mandibular notch.

Incisura supraorbitalis.

Supraorbital foramen or notch.

Incisura suprascapularis.

Scapular notch.

Incisura vertebralis inferioris.

Inferior vertebral notch.

Incisura vertebralis major.

Superior vertebral notch.

Incisura vertebralis minor.

Inferior vertebral notch.

Incisura vertebralis

superioris.

Superior vertebral notch.

Os inferior maxillary.

Mandible.

Os infranavicular s. os

paracuneiforme I s. os

naviculocuneiforme I dorsale.

Os infranaviculare.

Os innominatum.

Os coxae.

Ossa intercalaria.

Sutural bones.

Intermaxillary bone.

Os incisivum.

Os intermedium s. talus

accessorius s. talus

secundarius.

Trigonum, pedis.

Introitus pelvis.

Greater pelvic apertrure.

Iter chordae posterius.

Canaculus chorda tympani.

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J

Jochbeine.

Ossa zygomatica.

Jochbogen.

Zygomatic arch.

Jochfortsatz

Zygomatic process.

Os Jugal.

Os zygomaticum.

Ossa jugalia

Os zygomaticus.

Jugum petrosum.

Eminentia arcuata, temporal bone.

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K

Kahnbein.

Os naviculare, pedis.

Kahnbein.

Os scaphoideum.

Keilbein.

Os sphenoidale.

Keilbeinfontenelle.

Sphenoidal fontenelle.

Kleine Becken.

True pelvis.

Knöchelbein.

Talus.

Kopfbein.

Os capitatum.

Kreuzbein.

Os sacrum.

Kuckucksbein.

Os coccygis.

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L

Lendenwirbel.

Lumbar vertebra.

Os lentiformis.

Os pisiforme.

Lesser multangular bone.

Os trapezoiseum.

Ligament, greatersacrosciatic.

Sacrotuberous ligament.

Ligament, lesser sacrosciatic.

Sacrospinous ligament.

Ligamentum cruciatum s.

ligamentum lambdoideum

Inferior extensor retinaculum.

Linea iliopectinae.

Pecten pubis.

Linea intertrochanteric anterior.

Intertrochanteric crest.

Linea obliqua femoris.

Intertrochanteric crest.

Linea semicircularis ossis

parietalis.

Parietal margin, temporal bone.

Linea semicircularis superior

ossis occipitalis.

Superior nuchal line.

Linea temporalis.

Parietal margin, temporal bone.

Lunula scapulae.

Scapular notch.

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M

Os magnum.

Os capitatum.

Os malar.

Os zygomaticum.

Ossa malaria.

Ossa zygomatica.

Margo coronalis.

Frontal margin, parietal bone.

Margo frontalis.

Frontal margin, parietal bone.

Margo mastoideus.

Mastoid angle, parietal bone.

Margo parietalis.

Sagittal margin, parietal bone.

Margo sphenoidalis.

Sphenoidal angle, parietal bone.

Margo superior.

Sagittal margin, parietal bone.

Maxilla inferior.

Mandibula.

Maxilla superior.

Ossa maxillae.

Os maxillare inferior.

Mandible.

Mesosternum.

Body of sternum.

Metasternum.

Xiphoid process.

Mondbein.

Os lunatum.

Os multangulum majus.

Os trapezium.

Os multangulum minus.

Os trapezoideum.

Muschelbeine.

Conchae inferiores.

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N

Nackenwirbel.

Cervical vertebrae.

Nagelbeine.

Ossa lacrimalia.

Nahtdoppler.

Sutural bones.

Ossa nasalia.

Ossa nasi.

Nasenbeine.

Ossa nasi.

Os naviculare (manus).

Os scaphoideum.

Nebenhöcker.

Medial epicondyle of humerus.

Nodus extensorius.

Lateral epicondyle of humerus.

Nodus externus.

Lateral epicondyle of humerus.

Nodus internus s. flexorius Arnold.

Medial epicondyle of humerus.

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O

Oberarmbein.

Humerus.

Obere Beckenöffnung.

Greater pelvic aperature.

Oberkieferbeine.

Ossa maxillae.

Oberkieferhöhle.

Maxillary sinus.

Occipital spur.

torus occipitalis.

Omoplata.

Scapula.

Os orbiculare.

Os pisiforme.

Ossiculum Bertini.

Sphenoidal concha.

Ossiculum talonaviculare dorsale s. intertaloscaphoid s. dorsal astragaloscaphoid.

Processus trochlearis ossis scaphoidis.

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P

Palatum durum.

Hard palate.

Pars ascendens.

Perpendicular plate of palatine bone.

Pars basilaris.

Pars basilar, occipital bone.

Pars horizontalis.

Horizontal plate of palatine bone.

Pars mamillaris.

Mastoid portion, temporal bone.

Pars mastoideus.

Mastoid portion, temporal bone.

Pars nasalis.

Perpendicular plate of palatine bone.

Pars palatina.

Horizontal plate of palatine bone.

Pars peronea metatarsalis I.

Os cuneometatarsale I plantare.

Pars perpendicularis.

Perpendicular plate of palatine bone.

Os pelvis.

Os coxae.

Periotic bone.

Petrous and mastoid parts of

temporal bone.

Os perone.

Fibula.

Os petroso-mastoideum.

Petrous portion, temporal bone.

Pflugscharbein.

Vomer.

Os Pirie.

Dorsal talonavicular bone.

Plana orbitalia.

Pars orbitalis.

Os planum.

Lamina papyracea.

Planum popliteum.

Popliteal fossa.

Pomum Adami.

Laryngeal prominence.

Poples.

Popliteal fossa.

Porus acusticus externus.

External auditory (acoustic)

meatus.

Porus acustica interior.

Internal auditory (acoustic)

meatus.

Porus auditorius externus.

External auditory meatus.

Porus crotaphitico-

buccinatorius.

Pterygoalar foramen.

Os precuneiform s.

praecuneifome s. praehallux s.

os cuneometatarsale I tibiale

s. os paracuneiforme.

Sesamum tibiale anterius.

Premaxillary bone.

Os incisivum.

Presternum.

Manubrium.

Processus accessorius.

Accessory process, vertebral.

Processus acromialis.

Acromion.

Processus ad vomerem.

Processus vaginalis of sphenoid.

Processus alaris.

Pterygoid hamulus.

Processus anconeus.

Olecranon.

Processus ensiformis.

Lesser wing of sphenoid.

Processus ensiformis.

Processus xiphoideus.

Processus epicondyloideus

ulnaris s. internus.

Supracondylar process.

Processus epitrochlearis.

Supracondylar process.

Processus lateralis.

Sustentaculum tali.

Processus malaris s. jugalis.

Zygomatic process.

Processus mamillaris.

Mamillary process, vertebral.

Processus mamillaris.

Mastoid process.

Processus petrosus anterior.

Lingula sphenoidalis.

Processus petrosus ossis

sphenoidale posterior

superior.

Posterior clinoid process.

Processus petrosus posterior

superior.

Posterior clinoid process.

Processus rostriformis.

Coracoid process.

Prominentia laryngea.

Prominence of larynx.

Pterygoalar foramen.

Foramen ovale.

Os pyramidale.

Os trapezoideum.

Os pyramidale.

Os triquetrum.

Pyramidenbein.

Os triquetrum.

Os Pyramidis

Triquetrum.

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R

Raubenschnabelfortsatz.

Coracoid process.

Rami perpendiculares seu

adscendentes.

Mandibular rami.

Ramus ascendens ossis

ischii.

Ramus of ischium.

Ramus descendens ossis

ischii.

Body of ischium.

Ramus descendens ossis

pubis.

Inferior ramus of pubis.

Ramus horizontalis.

Body of mandible.

Ramus horizontalis ossis

pubis.

Superior ramus of pubis.

Raphogeminantia.

Sutural bones.

Os rhomboides.

Os trapezium.

Reichbein.

Os ethmoidale.

Riolan's bone.

A sutural bone (when present) in

petro-occipital suture.

Rotula.

Patella.

Rotula.

Trochlea of humerus.

Os rotundum.

Os pisiforme.

Rückgrat.

Vertebral column.

Rückenmarksloch.

Vertebral foramen.

Rückenwirbel.

Thoracic vertebra.

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S

Sacred bone.

Os sacrum.

Sattelwulst.

Tuberculum sellae.

Os scaphoideum.

Os naviculare, pedis.

Schaltknochen.

Sutural bones.

Schambein.

Os pubis, superior ramus.

Scheitelbeine.

Ossa parietalia.

Schienbein.

Tibia.

Schiffbein.

Os naviculare, pedis.

Schiffbein.

Os scaphoideum, manus.

Schläfenbeine.

Os temporum or temporale.

Schlüsselbein.

Clavicle.

Schulterblatt.

Scapula.

Schultergräte.

Scapular spine.

Schulterhöhe.

Acromion.

Schulterschnabel.

Coracoid process.

Schwanzbein.

Os coccygis.

Scroll bone.

Concha nasalis.

Secondary astragalus s.

supertalare.

Os supratalare.

Secondary os calcis.

Os calcaneum secundarium.

Seitenwandbeine.

Ossa parietalia.

Semicanalis humeri.

Interubercular sulcus.

Semicanalis tensor tympani.

Semicanal for m. tensor tympani.

Os semilunare.

Os lunatum.

Septal bone.

Alveolar bone between tooth roots.

Siebbein.

Os ethmoidale.

Sinus lunatus radii.

Ulnar notch of radius.

Sinus maximus.

Fossa olecranon of humerus.

Speiche.

Radius.

Spina angularis.

Spine of sphenoid.

Spina dorsi.

Vertebral column.

Spina sphenoidalis.

Spine of sphenoid.

Sprungbein.

Talus.

Stachelfortsatz.

Spinous process.

Steissbein.

Os coccygis.

Stirnbein.

Os frontale.

Stirnfontanelle.

Anterior fontanelle.

Os subcalcanea s. os tuberi

calcanei.

Os subcalcis.

Os subrotundum.

Os pisiforme.

Sulcus bicipitalis.

Intertubercular sulcus.

Sulcus musculosus.

Semicanal for m. tensor tympani.

Superficies articulares lateralis.

Costal pit.

Suprainterparietal bone.

Sutural bone (when present) at the

posterior part of the sagittal suture.

Sutura fronto-parietalis.

Coronal suture.

Sutura parietalis.

Sutura sagittalis, parietal bone.

Ossa suturarum.

Wormian (sutural) bones.

Suture occipito-parietalis.

Lambdoid suture.

Synchrondrosis sacro-iliaca.

Sacroiliac articulation.

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T

Tail bone.

Os coccygis.

Os talus accessorius.

Os subtibiale.

Thränenbeine.

Ossa lacrimale.

Three-cornered bone.

Os triquetrium.

Tongue bone.

Os hyoideum.

Trapezbein.

Os trapezium.

Os trapezium minus.

Os trapezoideum.

Trapezoidbein.

Os trapezoideum.

Os trapezoides.

Os trapezium.

Os triangulare.

Os triquetrum.

Os tribasilare.

Os basilare.

Trichterbrust.

Funnel chest.

Triquetra.

Sutural bones.

Trochlear process of astragalus.

Os supranaviculare.

Tuberositas externus.

Lateral epicondyle of femur.

Tuberositas internus.

Medial epicondyle of femur.

Tuberositas olecrani.

Olecranon process.

Tuberculum anterius.

Greater tubercle of humerus.

Tuberculum ephippii.

Tuberculum sellae.

Tuberculum externum.

Greater tubercle of humerus.

Tuberculum inferius.

Accessory process, vertebral.

Tuberculum internum.

Lesser tubercle of humerus.

Tuberculum majus.

Greater tubercle of humerus.

Tuberculum minus.

Lesser tubercle of humerus.

Tuberculum posterius.

Greater tubercle of humerus.

Tuberculum superius.

Mamillary process, vertebral.

Tuberculum trochlearis.

Capitulum of humerus.

Ossa turbinata.

Concha inferioris, turbinate bone.

Os turbinatum s. spongiosum

superior.

Superior concha.

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U

Os unciforme.

Os hamatum.

Unciformis.

Coracoid process.

Uncinate process of third

cuneiform bone s. processus

uncinatus cuneiformis III.

Os uncinatus.

Ossa unguis.

Ossa lacrimale.

Untere Muscheln.

Conchae inferiores.

Unterkieferbein.

Mandibula.

Unterkinnlade.

Mandibula.

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V

Vertebra prominens.

Spinous process, seventh cervical

vertebra.

Vertebrae abdomales.

Lumbar vertebrae.

Vertebrae colli.

Cervical vertebrae.

Vertebrae dorsalis.

Thoracic vertebrae.

Ossa verticus.

Ossa parietalis.

Os vespiforme.

Os sphenoidale.

Vierseitige fontenelle.

Anterior fontanelle.

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W

Wangenbeine.

Ossa zygomatica.

Warzenfontanelle.

Mastoid fontanelle.

Wedge bone.

Os cuneiforme mediale.

Wedge bone, pedis.

Os cuneiforme laterale.

Wespenbein.

Os sphenoidale.

Wormiana.

Sutural or wormian bones.

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Y

Yoke bone.

Os zygomaticum.

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Z

Zahnfortsatz.

Odontoid process.

Zapfentheil.

Pars basilar, occipital bone.

Zitzenfortsatz.

Mastopid process.

Zitzentheil.

Mastoid portion, temporal bone.

Zwickelbeine.

Sutural bones.

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