Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus V: Skeletal Systems: Leg
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
This tibia may be absent. It may show side-to-side compression of the shaft (platycnemia) and retroversion of the proximal extremity of the bone.
Additional articular facets on the anterior surface of the distal extremity of the tibia have been recorded. The distal part of the tibia occasionally has a bony canal through which a branch of the anterior tibial artery and a branch of the deep peroneal nerve may run.
It has been reported that the tibia presents more variation in length and form than any other long bone of human limbs.
Absence of the fibula has been frequently recorded.
The primary variations are related to the form and relative size of the surfaces of the shaft. It has been reported that in 7% of cases, the posterior margin of the lateral malleolus was not grooved but was tranversely convex.
A sesamoid bone may be found in the superior peroneal retinaculum, articulating with the lateral malleolus.
References
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