Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 1. Head and Neck

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 1. Head and Neck

Plate 1.16

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Sphenoid sinus 2. Optic nerve 3. Internal carotid a. 4. Basilar a. 5. Middle cerebral a., brs. 6. Temporal lobe	7. Trigeminal nerve 8. Facial nerve 9. Sigmoid sinus 10. Middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis) 11. Transverse sinus 12. Occipital a. 13. Dentate nucleus of cerebellum 14. Choroid plexus in roof of fourth ventricle 15. Transverse sinus	16. Fourth ventricle 17. Transverse sinus 18. Confluence of sinuses 19. Dentate nucleus of cerebellum 20. Basis pontis 21. Middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis) 22. Cerebellar hemisphere 23. Sigmoid sinus 24. Facial and vestibulocochlear nerves 25. Auricle 26. Bony labyrinth, semicircular canals 27. Bony labyrinth, vestibule 28. Vestibulocochlear and facial nerves entering temporal bone	29. Superficial temporal a. 30. Superficial temporal a. 31. Abducens nerve 32. Temporalis m. 33. Temporal lobe 34. Trigeminal nerve and ganglion 35. Internal carotid a. 36. Lateral rectus m. 37. Conjunctiva 38. Lens 39. Retina 40. Medial rectus m.

This is a section (looking down) through the orbit, temporal lobe, cerebellum, and pons. On each side of the midline anteriorly in the section is a spheroid sinus (1). Within the orbital cavity, the following structures are seen: medial (40) and lateral (36) rectus muscles, and within the globe the retina (39), lens (38), and conjunctive (37). The optic nerve (2) is seen exiting from the orbital cavity in close proximity to the internal carotid artery (3). The temporal lobe (6, 33) is in the middle cranial fossa. Branches of the middle cerebral artery (5) are in the lateral (sylvian) fissure. Medial to the temporal lobe are the trigeminal nerve and ganglion (34) in Meckel's cave and the internal carotid artery (35). Between the temporal lobe (33) and the cerebellar hemisphere (22) are the vestibule (27) and semicircular canals (26) of the bony labyrinth. In the posterior fossa are the cerebellum (13, 19, 22) and the pons (20). The fourth ventricle (16) is seen between the cerebellum and pons. The choroid plexus (14) is seen in the roof of the fourth ventricle (16). Within the pons, the basis pontis (20) is ventrally located. The middle cerebellar peduncles (brachium pontis) (10, 21) connect the basis pontis (20) with the cerebellum (22). The basilar artery (4) lies in a groove on the ventral surface of the basis pontis (20). The vestibulocochlear (24), facial (8, 24), and trigeminal (7) nerves exit from the lateral surface of the pons, whereas the abducens nerve (31) exits from the inferior surface of the pons. Within the deep white matter of the cerebellar hemisphere (22) is the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum (13,19). Several venous sinuses are seen in this section: the sigmoid sinus (9,23), transverse sinus (11,15,17), and the confluence of sinuses (18). Outside the cranial cavity, the following structures are seen: the auricle (25), superficial temporal artery (29, 30), the occipital artery (12), and temporalis muscle (32). Within the cranial cavity, the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves (28) are seen within the internal auditory meatus of the temporal bone.

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