Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 3. Middle Thorax (Heart and Lungs)

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 3. Middle Thorax (Heart and Lungs)

Plate 3.8

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Coronary sulcus 2. Rib 7 + 3. Rib 6 4. Heart, right atrium 5. Rib 5 and lung, right lower lobe, medial segment 6. Pectoralis major m. 7. Rib 5 8. Inferior vena cava entering right atrium 9. Lung, right middle lobe, lateral segment 10. Rib 6 11. Lung, right oblique fissure 12. Central tendon of diaphragm 13. Diaphragm; dome of right side 14. Pleural cavity	15. Lung, right lower lobe, anterior basal segment, and rib 7 16. Serratus anterior m. 17. Intercostal neurovascular bundle 18. Latissimus dorsi m. 19. Lung, right lower lobe, lateral basal segment 20. Lung, right middle lobe, medial segment 21. Lung, right lower lobe, medial basal segment 22. Iliocostalis m. 23. Lung, right lower lobe, posterior basal segment, and azygos v. 24. Dorsal root ganglion (intervertebral foramen) and vertebra T9 25. Trapezius m.	26. Spinal cord in theca 27. Multifidus m. 28. Thoracic aorta 29. Lung, left lower lobe, posterior basal segment, and longissimus m. 30. Lung, left lower lobe, posterior basal segment 31. Rib 9 32. Bronchiole and blood vessels 33. Pulmonary blood vessels 34. Lung, left lower lobe, lateral basal segment, and rib 8 35. Serratus anterior m. 36. Left lower lobe, anterior medial basal segment, and esophageal plexus of nerves	37. Lung, left lower lobe, anterior medial basal segment 38. Lung, left upper lobe, lower division (lingular), inferior segment, and left vagus nerve 39. Visceral pleura 40. Parietal pleura 41. Left coronary a. 42. Lung, left oblique fissure 43. Posterior left ventricular v. 44. Lung, left upper lobe, lower division (lingular), superior segment, and intercostal mm. 45. Parietal pericardium 46. Visceral pericardium 47. Coronary sinus 48. Left ventricle 49. Interventricular septum 50. Right ventricle 51. Internal thoracic aa. 52. Right coronary a. 53. Right coronary a. 54. Sternum, body (last appearance)

This section passes through the ninth thoracic vertebra at the intervertebral foramen (24) and its transverse processes. Anteriorly, the body of the sternum (54) is seen, and it makes its last appearance in this section. The section cuts ribs 9 (31), 8 (34), 7 (15), 6 (10), 5 (7),5 for a second time (5),6 a second time (3), and 7 a second time (2). The costocartilage of rib 7 articulates (synovial joint) with the sternum at the xiphisternal junction. The costal cartilages of ribs 8, 9, and 10 usually join the seventh costocartilage, hence it is labeled 7 + (2). When the eighth costicartilage reaches the sternum, it articulates with the xiphoid process.

The left lung contains the following bronchopulmonary segments: left upper lobe, lower division (lingular), costocartilage superior (44); left upper lobe, lower division (lingular), inferior (38); left lower lobe, anterior medial basal (37); left lower lobe, anterior medial basal (36); left lower lobe, lateral basal (34); and left lower lobe, posterior basal (30).

The middle mediastinum contains the heart; the following structures are identified: right coronary artery (52,53), right ventricle (50), interventricular septum (49), left ventricle (48), coronary sinus (47), visceral (46) and parietal (45) pericardium, posterior left ventricular vein (43), left coronary artery (41), inferior vena cave joining the right atrium (8), right atrium (4), and the coronary sulcus (1).

The right lung contains several bronchopulmonary segments; these are identified as follows: right lower lobe, posterior basal (23); right lower lobe, medial basal (21); right middle lobe, medial (20); right lower lobe, lateral basal (19); right lower lobe, anterior basal (15); right middle lobe, lateral (9); and right lower lobe, medial (5).

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