Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

Plate 5.5

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Superior epigastric a. 2. Portal v. 3. Diaphragm 4. Ligamentum venosum (Arantius) 5. Portal v. 6. Liver, right lobe	7. Liver, caudate lobe 8. Rib 9 9. Diaphragm 10. Inferior vena cava 11. Latissimus dorsi m. 12. Rib 10 13. Suprarenal gland, right 14. Omental bursa 15. Kidney, right 16. Rib 11 17. Kidney capsular fat, retroperitoneal 18. Inferior phrenic a. 19. Diaphragm 20. Azygos v. 21. Anulus fibrosus, intervertebral disk, T11 T12 22. Zygapophyseal joint 23. Nucleus pulposus, intervertebral disk, T11 T12 24. Denticulate ligament of spinal cord	25. Spinous process, T11 26. Spinal cord 27. Multifidus m. 28. Superior articular process, T12 29. Erector spinae m. 30. Hemiazygos v., greater splanchnic nerve, and thoracic aorta 31. Longissimus m. 32. Costodiaphragmatic recess 33. Inferior suprarenal a. 34. Suprarenal gland, left 35. Inferior phrenic a. and v. 36. Short gastric a. and v. 37. Splenic a. and v. 38. Diaphragm 39. Spleen 40. Celiac lymph nodes 41. Left gastric v. 42. Stomach	43. Accessory spleen (var.) 44. Peritoneal cavity 45. Celiac ganglion 46. Left colic flexure 47. Rib 8 48. Celiac a. and left gastric v. 49. Left gastric v. 50. Rib 7 51. Left gastric a. 52. Colon 53. Musculophrenic a. 54. Rib 6 55. Diaphragm 56. Rectus abdominis m. 57. Liver, left lobe 58. Linea alba and fat

This section passes through the eleventh thoracic intervertebral disk (21, 23), the spinous process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra (25), and the zygapophyseal joint (22) between the eleventh and twelfth thoracic vertebrae. It cuts ribs 11 (16), 10 (12) 9 (8), 8 (47), 7 (50), and 6 (54). The linea alba (58) makes its first appearance and replaces the xiphoid process (previous section) as the anterior midline structure.

The diaphragm (3, 9, 19, 38, 55) is still present as a thin rim of muscle. Its inferior phrenic artery and vein (18, 35) can be identified.

The left suprarenal gland (34) is seen for the first time, and the right suprarenal gland (13) makes its last appearance. Note its position anterior to the kidney (15). The parenchyma of the right kidney (15) also can be seen for the first time.

The aorta (30) is still in the thoracic cavity because it is seen lying behind the diaphragm. The aorta enters the abdominal cavity in the next cut. The celiac artery (48), the first of the three unpaired abdominal arteries, makes its first appearance.

The right side of the section is dominated by the liver with its large portal veins (2, 5) and inferior vena cave (10). The left (57), caudate (7), and right (6) lobes of the liver can be identified.

The left side of the section still contains the transverse colon (52) anteriorly, the stomach (42) in the central position, and the spleen (39) posteriorly. An accessory spleen (splen accessorius, var.) (43) is located adjacent to the spleen anteriorly.

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