Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

Plate 5.10

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Mesenteric Iymph node 2. Middle colic v. 3. Transverse colon 4. Pancreas, head 5. Middle colic v. 6. Posterior pancreaticoduodenal a. 7. Gallbladder 8. Duodenum, descending part 9. Ascending colon at hepatic flexure	10. Rib 10 11. Intercostal neurovascular bundle 12. Liver, right lobe 13. Inferior vena cava 14. Rib 11 15. Rib 12 16. Renal capsule and pelvis or proximal ureter 17. Right kidney 18. Iliocostalis m. 19. Quadratus lumborum m. 20. Perirenal fat and psoas major m. 21. Transverse process, L2, and sympathetic trunk 22. Genitofemoral nerve 23. Basivertebral v. and vertebral body, L2 24. Mamillary process, L2, and left retroaortic renal v. (var.) 25. Theca	26. Spinous process, L2 27. Interspinalis m. 28. Multifidus m. 29. Spinal nerve roots, cauda equina 30. Pedicle, L2, and anterior longitudinal ligament 31. Intertransversarium medialis m. 32. Longissimus m. 33 . Intertransverserius lateralis m. 34. Ascending lumbar v. 35. Lumbar fascia, posterior layer 36. Posterior renal fascia and psoas fascia 37. Lumbar fascia, anterior layer 38. Transversalis fascia 39. Sympathetic trunk 40. Transversalis fascia 41. Latissimus dorsi m. 42. Renal aa., brs. 43. Renal sinus and calix 44. Left kidney medulla, pyramid, and pelvis 45. Renal cortex 46. Latissimus dorsi m. 47. Anterior renal fascia and abdominal aorta 48. Inferior mesenteric v.	49. Descending colon 50. Gonadal a. and v. 51. External oblique m. 52. Internal oblique m. 53. Transversus abdominis m. 54. Jejunum 55. Left colic a. and v. 56. Transverse colon 57. Jejunum and jejunal aa. 58. Duodenum, horizontal or inferior part 59. Superior mesenteric v. 60. Jejunal a., br., and superior mesenteric a. 61. Linea alba

This section passes through the body of the second lumbar vertebra (23), and its pedicle (30), mamillary (24), spinous (26), and transverse (21) processes.

On the left side, the transverse (56) and descending colon (49) are seen along with various sections of the jejunum (54). In relation to the descending colon note the left colic artery (55), which arises from the inferior mesenteric artery and supplies the descending colon. The left colic vein is also seen. The left kidney is cut through the renal sinus and calix (43). Note that the renal cortex (45), medulla (44), and pyramid (44) can be readily differentiated from each other. The dilated proximal end of the ureter or pelvis (44) and renal arterial branches (42) are also identified. The anterior (47) and posterior (36) renal fascia, the perirenal capsular fat (20), the renal capsule (16), and the lumbar (37), psoas (36), and transversalis (40) fascia can all be seen.

In the middle of the section, the transverse colon (3), a coil of jejunum (57), jejunal arteries (57, 60), the superior mesenteric artery with a jejunal branch (60), and the superior mesenteric vein (59) can be identified.

Adjacent to the vertebral body, the abdominal aorta (47), inferior vena cave (13), sympathetic nerve trunk (39), and the left renal (retroaortic) vein (24) are seen.

On the right side, the right lobe of the liver (12) is diminishing in size, although the gallbladder (7) remains largely dilated. The ascending colon (9) is at the hepatic flexure; the duodenum (8) is taking a downward (posterior) course and is, in this section, immediately adjacent to the ascending colon (8, 9).

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