Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

Plate 5.12

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Transverse colon and superficial fascia (panniculus adiposus) 2. Mesenteric root (radix) and right colic aa. and v. 3. Rectus (abdominis) sheath, posterior layer 4. Rectus abdominis m. 5. Rectus (abdominis) sheath, anterior layer 6. Greater omentum 7. Ileal plica circular folds of Kerckring 8. Transverse colon 9. Semilunar line 10. Ileum 11. Ileum, lumbar Iymph node, and aortic plexus of nerves 12. Liver, right lobe 13. Inferior vena cava	14. Thoracic duct and origin of a lumbar a. 15. Right ureter 16. Ascending colon 17. Latissimus dorsi m. 18. Intercostal neurovascular bundle 19. First lumbar nerve 20. Sympathetic trunk 21. Psoas major m. 22. Thoracolumbar fascia and iliocostalis n 23. Lumbar ascending vv. and genitofemoral nerve 24. Longissimus m. 25. Second lumbar nerve and vertebral body, L3 26. Multifidus m. 27. Theca and cauda equina	28. Interspinalis m. and internal vertebral venous plexus 29. Rotatores m. and inferior articular process, L2 30. Superior articular process, L3 31. Aponeurotic origin of erector spinae mm. 32. Anterior longitudinal ligament 33. Psoas major m. and second lumbar nerve 34. Transverse process, L3 35. Quadratus lumborum m. 36. Perirenal fat 37. Intercostal neurovascular bundle 38. Posterior renal fascia and renal a. 39. Sympathetic trunk 40. Kidney, left lower pole 41. Left ureter 42. Descending colon and gonadal a. and v. 43. Abdominal aorta	44. Jejunum 45. Left ureter, aortic nerve plexus, and lymphatic vessels 46. Ileum and lumbar Iymph nodes 47. Transverse colon and aortic nerve plexus 48. Ligamentum teres, hepatis 49. Ileum and superior mesenteric w. 50. Linea alba

This section passes through the third lumbar vertebra (25), its transverse process (34), spine, and superior articular process (30). The vertebral foramen houses the theca and spinal nerves (cauda equine) (27).

On the left side, the transverse colon (47) is seen as smooth walled tubes, followed by loops of jejunum (44), which shows folds and villi of mucosa. The descending colon (42) is structurally similar to the transverse colon. Note the lower pole of the left kidney (40) lying on the posterior renal fascia (38) surrounded by perirenal capsular fat (36). Note also the left ureter (45).

In the middle of the section, the transverse colon (1), ileum (49), superior mesenteric veins (49), Iymph nodes (11, 46), inferior vena cave (13), and the abdominal aorta (43) with its plexus of nerves (45) and nearby small lymphatic and blood vessels can be seen (45).

On the right side, more ileum (10, 11), transverse colon (8), ascending colon (16), and the inferior edge of the right lobe of the liver (12) are seen. The right ureter is also seen (15).

Between the psoas major muscles (21, 33) and L3 vertebral body (25), the second lumbar nerves (23, 33) can be identified.

Several intrinsic back muscles can be identified: rotatores (29), interspinalis (28), multifidus (26) and longissimus (24).

The radix mesentery (2) can be identified and it contains, at this level, right colic arteries and veins.

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