Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section 6: Pelvis, Perineum, Hip, and Upper Thigh

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 6. Pelvis, Perineum, Hip, and Upper Thigh

Plate 6.11

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Pubis 2. Obturator externus m. (first appearance) 3. Pectineus m. 4. Embalming site artifact 5. Sartorius m. 6. Femoral nerve 7. Obturator a. and v. and obturator nerve 8. Rectus femoris m. and tendon	9. Tensor fascia lata m. 10. Femoral neck 11. Articular cavity 12. Ischium 13. Trochanteric bursa of gluteus maximus m. 14. Gluteus maximus m. 15. Inferior gemellus m. 16. Tendon m. obturator internus 17. Superior gemellus m. 18. Sciatic nerve 19. Inferior gluteal a. and w. 20. Posterior (femoral) cutaneous nerve (of thigh) 21. Reflected tendon of obturator internus m. in lesser sciatic notch 22. Levator ani m. 23. Pudendal plexus 24. Coccygeus m. and seminal vesicle 25. Urinary bladder 26. Tunica muscularis of rector wall 27. Rectal ampulla	28. Coccyx 29. Coccygeus m. 30. Seminal vesicle 31. Obturator internus m. and tendon 32. Pudendal a. and v. and pudendal nerve 33. Ischium, lesser sciatic notch 34. Obturator internus m. bursa 35. Tendon m. obturator internus 36. Acetabulum, articular cavity, and articular cartilage 37. Sciatic nerve 38. Inferior gemellus m. 39. Dorsal skin (compare thickness with 54) 40. Quadratus femoris m. (first appearance) 41. Gluteus maximus m. 42. Greater trochanter of femur 43. Tendon m. gluteus minimus 44. Gluteus medius m. 45. Femoral neck and articular cavity of acetabulum	46. Tensor fascia lata m. 47. Femoral head 48. Iliofemoral ligament 49. Rectus femoris m. 50. Lateral (femoral) cutaneous nerve (of thigh) 51. Iliopsoas m. 52. Sartorius m. 53. Obturator membrane and ligamentum teres femoris 54. Ventral skin (compare thickness with 39) 55. Femoral a. and v. and femoral nerve 56. Obturator a. and v., obturator nerve, and obturator foramen 57. Pectineus m. 58. Spermatic cord 59. Pubic tubercle 60. Pyramidalis m. 61. Pubic symphysis, interpubic disk

This section passes through the coccyx (28), the lesser sciatic notch, the acetabulum (36), the head (47) and neck (45) of the femur on the left side and the inferior edge of the acetabulum on the right side. The cut passes through the obturator foramen (56) and membrane (53) and the pubic symphysis (61).

Note the relationship between the inferior gluteal blood vessels (19), sciatic nerve (18, 37), the tendon of the obturator internus muscle (21, 35), the gemelli muscles (15, 17, 38), quadratus femoris (40), and the gluteus maximus muscle (14, 41). Recall that all these structures receive their blood supply, in part or entirely, from branches of the inferior gluteal vessels.

The inferior gluteal artery also assists in forming the cruciate anastomosis that forms around the neck (10, 45) and greater trochanter (42) of the femur. This involves the first perforating and lateral and medial femoral circumflex branches of the femoral artery (55) in addition to the inferior gluteal artery (19). The inferior gluteal vessels arise from the internal iliac vessels and traverse the lesser sciatic foremen (33) to leave and enter the pelvis.

The quadratus femoris (40) and obturator externus (2) muscles appear for the first time in this section.

Note the relationship between the obturator nerve (7, 56) and blood vessels (7, 56) and the obturator externus (2) and pectineus (3, 57) muscles. The obturator nerve innervates and obturator blood vessels supply, among others, these two muscles.

The trochanteric bursa of the gluteus maximus muscle can be seen.

Compare the thickness of the skin on the ventral surface (54) of the body with that on the dorsal surface (39).

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