Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 7. Lower Limb

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 7. Lower Limb

Plate 7.35

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. First metatarsal 2. Tendon m. extensor hallucis longus 3. Tendon m. tibialis anterior 4. Medial cuneiform 5. Tendon m. tibialis posterior	6. Abductor hallucis m. 7. Tendon m. flexor hallucis longus 8. Tendon m. flexor digitorum longus 9. Quadratus plantae m. 10. Medial plantar a. and v. 11. Calcaneal tendon (Achilles)	12. Calcaneus 13. Lateral plantar a. and nerve 14. Tendon m. peroneus longus 15. Peroneal tubercle (trochlea) of calcaneus 16. Tendon m. peroneus brevis 17. Calcaneus 18. Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament 19. Cuboid	20. Extensor digitorum brevis m. 21. Lateral cuneiform 22. Fourth metatarsal, head 23. Tendons m. extensor digitorum brevis 24. Third metatarsal, head 25. Tendons m. extensor digitorum longus 26. Second metatarsal 27. Tendons m. extensor digitorum longus 28. Tendons m. extensor digitorum longus 29. Dorsalis pedis a. 30. Tendons m. extensor digitorum longus

This section passes through the calcaneus (12, 17); first (1), second, third (24), and fourth (22) metatarsals; and the cuboid (19) bones. The peroneal trochlea (15) is seen. Abductor hallucis (6) and quadratus plantae (9) muscles are cut for the first time.

The peroneal (fibular) trochlea of the calcaneus is variable in size and shape and presents a slight groove for the peroneal (fibular) muscles. In this cut, the tendon of peroneus longus (14) is seen behind the trochlea (15).

The abductor hallucis muscle (6) is the largest and most superficial of the intrinsic great toe muscles lying on the medial border of the sole. It passes from the calcaneus across the tendons of the long flexor muscles, runs along the medial side of the short flexor muscle, and is inserted onto the medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe and onto the medial side of the long extensor tendon.

The quadratus plantae muscle (9) arises from the medial and plantar surfaces of the calcaneus and is inserted into the lateral margin and deep surface of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus. The muscle has two heads, a small lateral and a larger medial one. There are great individual variations in the structure of this muscle. The lateral head may be missing or greatly reduced in size. The whole muscle may be absent, and the mode of attachment to the flexor digitorum longus tendon varies. It may insert on the flexor tendon of the great toe. There is no homologue in the hand.

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