Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Appendix: Topography of the Thorax and Abdomen
Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew,
M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed
Hepatic Flexure
Eycleshymer and Schoemaker report the hepatic flexure to lie, on average, at the level of the second lumbar disk with the range of variation being from the eleventh thoracic disk to the lower third of the third lumbar vertebra. Hermann and Reudel (cited but not referenced in Eycleshymer and Schoemaker) place the hepatic flexure at the level of the upper part of the third lumbar vertebra, and Cunningham places it at the level of the first lumbar spine.
Splenic Flexure
Eycleshymer and Schoemaker found the position of the Splenic flexure of the colon to vary from the ninth thoracic disk to a level between the upper and middle thirds of the second lumbar vertebra. The average position is at the level of the middle of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. Cunningham found it at the level of the twelfth thoracic spine.
With reference to the anterior thoracic wall, Eycleshymer and Schoemaker found the upper margin of the Splenic flexure nearly opposite the seventh rib, and Fromont indicated that it is usually at the level of the seventh or eighth rib.
Next Page | Previous Page | Title Page
Please send us comments by filling out our Comment Form.
All contents copyright © 1995-2024 the Author(s) and Michael P. D'Alessandro, M.D. All rights reserved.
"Anatomy Atlases", the Anatomy Atlases logo, and "A digital library of anatomy information" are all Trademarks of Michael P. D'Alessandro, M.D.
Anatomy Atlases is funded in whole by Michael P. D'Alessandro, M.D. Advertising is not accepted.
Your personal information remains confidential and is not sold, leased, or given to any third party be they reliable or not.
The information contained in Anatomy Atlases is not a substitute for the medical care and advice of your physician. There may be variations in treatment that your physician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.
URL: http://www.anatomyatlases.org/