Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Paul M. Heidger,
Jr., Ph.D.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed
Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion
Adrenergic interneurons have been demonstrated in guinea pig sympathetic ganglia (by Jean Y. Jew, M.D.). Substantial surface area of these small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells are in close relation to capillaries. As one can appreciate, the number of SIF cells in a ganglion is very small. However, these cells are reminiscent of enterochromaffin cells, widely, but also very sparsely distributed in the digestive tract. There is evidence suggesting that catecholamine transmitter leaves SIF cells as granules to enter blood vessels. This would permit transmitter originating in SIF cells to distribute widely to principal ganglionic neurons. Evidence of an intraganglionic portal system is based on the work of Drs. Christine Heym and Terence H. Williams.
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