Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 1. Head and Neck

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 1. Head and Neck

Plate 1.22

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Brain, frontal lobe in anterior cranial fossa 2. Frontal sinus 3. Sphenoid sinus 4. Medial rectus m. 5. Orbital fat 6. Internal carotid a. 7. Tendon m. temporalis 8. Temporal bone 9. Mandible, condyloid process 10. Basilar a.	11. External auditory meatus 12. Pinna 13. Sigmoid sinus 14. Tendon m. sternocleidomastoid 15. Rectus capitis lateralis m. 16. Splenius capitis m. 17. Semispinalis capitis m. 18. Rectus capitis posterior major m. 19. Rectus capitis posterior minor m. 20. Medulla oblongata 21. Foramen magnum 22. Trapezius m. 23. Ligamentum nuchae	24. Cerebellar tonsil 25. Occipital bone 26. Posterior cranial fossa 27. Cerebellar hemisphere 28. Splenius capitis m. 29. Sigmoid sinus 30. Internal jugular v. 31. Mastoid air cells	32. Middle cranial fossa 33. Temporal lobe 34. Sphenoid bone, greater wing 35. Lateral rectus m. 36. Sclera, eye 37. Optic nerve 38. Posterior ethmoid sinus 39. Anterior ethmoid sinus 40. Crista galli

This is a section through the base of the cranial cavity. Rostrally in the midline is the crista galli (40). On one side of the crista galli (40) are the anterior (39) and posterior (38) ethmoid sinuses, and on the other is a frontal lobe (1) gyrus. Rostral to the anterior cranial fossa (1) is the frontal air sinus (2), and caudal to the posterior ethmoid sinus (38) is the spheroid sinus (3). Within the orbital cavity are the medial (4) and lateral (35) rectus muscles, orbital fat (5), the sclera (36), and optic nerve (37). Lateral and caudal to the orbital cavity is the greater wing of the spheroid bone (34). The temporal lobe (33) is seen in the middle cranial fossa (32). Within the posterior cranial fossa (26) are the hemispheres (27) and tonsils (24) of the cerebellum, the medulla oblongata (20) and the basilar artery (10). The tonsils of the cerebellum (24) and the medulla oblongata (20) are visualized through the foramen magnum (21) in the occipital bone (25). Major vascular structures seen in this section include the internal carotid artery (6), internal jugular vein (30), and the sigmoid sinus (13, 29). Lateral to the internal jugular vein (30) are the mastoid air cells (31). Bony landmarks in this section include the occipital (25) and temporal (8) bones, the greater wing of the sphenoid bone (34), and the condyloid process of the mandible (9). The pinna (12) and external auditory meatus (11) are seen. Outside the cranial cavity, the following muscles, tendons, and ligaments are seen: splenius capitis (28), trapezius (22), rectus capitis posterior minor (19) and major (18), semispinalis capitis (17), splenius capitis (16), rectus capitis lateralis (15), sternocleidomastoid tendon (14), ligamentum nuchae (23), and temporalis tendon (7).

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