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Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 1. Head and Neck

Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 1. Head and Neck

Plate 1.25

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Plate 1.25

Upper Left Quadrant

Lower Left Quadrant

Lower Right Quadrant

Upper Right Quadrant

1. Nasal cavity
2. Maxillary sinus and inferior nasal concha
3. Maxillary a.
4. Buccal fat pad
5. Superior constrictor m. of pharynx
6. Parotid duct
7. Medial pterygoid m.
8. Masseter m.
9. Mandibular ramus
10. Stylopharyngeus and stylohyoid mm.
11. Parotid gland

12. Styloid process
13. Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9) and external carotid a.
14. External jugular v.
15. Internal jugular v.
16. Vertebral a.
17. Sternocleidomastoid m.
18. First cervical vertebra, atlas
19. Longissimus capitis m.
20. Splenius capitis m.
21. Dorsal root ganglion, second cervical nerve
22. Inferior oblique capitis m.
23. Semispinalis capitis m.
24. Dorsal root of spinal cord
25. Subarachnoid space
26. Trapezius m.
27. Spinalis capitis m.
28. First cervical vertebra, posterior arch of atlas
29. Spinal cord

30. Second cervical vertebra, dens of axis
31. Transverse atlantal ligament (cruciform ligament of atlas)
32. First cervical vertebra, anterior arch of atlas
33. Superior oblique capitis m.
34. Longus capitis m.
35. Vertebral a.
36. First cervical vertebra, atlas
37. Sternocleidomastoid m.
38. Glossopharyngeal (CN 9), vagus (CN 102 and spinal accessory (CN 11) nerves
39. Ear lobe
40. Internal jugular v.
41. Stylopharyngeus m.
42. Longus capitis m.
43. External jugular v.
44. Internal carotid a.
45. External carotid a.
46. Pharyngeal recess (of Rosenmueller)

47. Parotid gland
48. Lingual nerve, mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
49. Pterygoid plexus of w., pharyngeal w.
50. Lateral pterygoid m.
51. Masseter m.
52. Pharynx
53. Mandibular ramus
54. Medial pterygoid m.
55. Palatopharyngeus m.
56. Maxillary sinus
57. Uvula
58. Hard palate
59. Nasal septum

This section passes through the nasal cavity (1), maxillary sinuses (2, 56), uvula (57), pharynx (52), atlas (36), dens of axis (30), and the muscles of the occipital (17, 19, 20, 23, 26,27) and suboccipital (22, 33) regions. The section passes through the mandibular ramus (9, 53)

The parotid glands (11, 47) have their greatest extension in this section. The right parotid duct (6) is grazed in this cut.

The transverse atlantal ligament (cruciform ligament of atlas) (31) is seen separated from the dens by its articular capsule and space.

The second cervical dorsal root ganglion (21) is seen lying on the arch of the second cervical vertebra (axis).

The styloid process (12) and the stylopharyngeus muscle (10), which arises from the medial side of the base of the styloid process, are identified. The muscle is innervated by the ninth cranial nerve (glossopharyngeal). The stylohyoid (10) arises from the lateral and dorsal part of the base of the styloid process and is innervated by the seventh cranial nerve (facial). A third muscle, the styloglossus, arises from the front and lower end of the styloid process and is innervated by the twelfth cranial nerve (hypoglossal).

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