Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 3. Middle Thorax (Heart and Lungs)

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 3. Middle Thorax (Heart and Lungs)

Plate 3.4

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Right coronary a. 2. Internal thoracic a. and v. 3. Lung, right upper lobe, anterior segment and right atrium 4. Superior vena cava 5. Pleural cavity 6. Pectoralis major m. 7. Rib 4 8. Pectoralis minor m. 9. Pulmonary v. 10. Rib 5 11. Serratus anterior m. 12. Mediastinal Iymph nodes, bronchial	13. Lung, right upper lobe, lateral segment 14. Pulmonary v. 15. Thoracodorsal neurovascular bundle 16. Bronchus 17. Long thoracic nerve and lateral thoracic a. and v. 18. Mediastinal Iymph node 19. Intercostal neurovascular bundle 20. Inferior angle of scapula 21. Insertion of inferior edge of serratus anterior m. 22. Left atrial myocardium 23. Lung, right lower lobe, superior segment, and esophagus 24. Iliocostalis m. 25. Radiate ligament 26. Costovertebral articulation; azygos v. and thoracic duct 27. Vertebra, T8 28. Trapezius m.	29. Thoracic spinal cord 30. Interspinous ligament 31. Intervertebral disk, T8 32. Multifidus m 33. Radiate ligament 34. Rib 8, costotransverse articulation, tubercle of left rib and neck of rib 35. Thoracic aorta 36. Lung, left lower lobe, superior segment, and aortic plexus and sympathetic trunk 37. Scapula, inferior angle 38. Serratus anterior m. 39. Rib 7 40. Latissimus dorsi m. 41. Left lower bronchus 42. Thoracodorsal a., v., and nerve 43. Pulmonary v. 44. Rib 6	45. Lung, left lower lobe, superior segment 46. Left lung, oblique fissure 47. Lung, left upper lobe, upper division, apical posterior segment, and bronchiole 48. Lung, left upper lobe, upper division, anterior segment 49. Left coronary a. 50. Pericardiacophrenic a. and phrenic nerve 51. Left atrium 52. Parietal pericardium 53. Anterior interventricular a. and v. 54. Epicardium 55. Anterior mediastinal fat and pulmonary a., origin 56. Semilunar valve, segments and aortic sinus (of Valsalva, of Petit) 57. Sternum, body

This section passes through the eighth thoracic vertebra (27) and grazes the eighth intervertebral disk (31). It cuts the eighth rib (34) and a costovertebral articulation or joint on the right side (26) and grazes the costotransverse joint (34) on the left side. It cuts the body of the sternum (57) in the midline.

The anterior mediastinum is represented by a small collection of fat (55).

The middle mediastinum contains the heart, and a number of its parts can be identified: semilunar valve components (tricuspid) and the aortic sinus (of Valsalva and of Petit) (56), the origin of the pulmonary artery (55), epicardium (54), anterior interventricular artery and vein (53), parietal pericardium (52), left atrium (51), left coronary artery (49), pulmonary vein (9, 14, 43), left atrial myocardium (22), superior vena cave (4), right atrium (3), and right coronary artery (1).

The posterior mediastinum contains the descending (thoracic) aorta (35), azygos vein and thoracic duct (26), the esophagus (23), mediastinal lymph nodes (18), and the aortic plexus and sympathetic trunk (36).

On the left side, the following bronchopulmonary segments have been indicated: left upper lobe, upper division, anterior (48); left upper lobe, upper division, apical posterior (47); left lower lobe, superior (45); and left lower lobe, superior (36).

On the right side, the following bronchopulmonary lymph segments have been indicated: right lower lobe, superior (23); right upper lobe, lateral (13); and right upper lobe, anterior (3).

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