Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

Plate 5.4

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Rectus abdominis m. 2. Ribs 6 and 7 3. Diaphragm 4. Portal v. 5. Liver, caudate lobe 6. Intercostal neurovascular bundle 7. Intercostal mm.	8. Liver, right lobe 9. Hepatic v. 10. Rib 9 11. Inferior vena cava 12. Latissimus dorsi 13. Rib 10 14. Suprarenal gland, central v. 15. Lung, right lower lobe posterior basal segment 16. Perirenal fat and superior surface of right kidney 17. Rib 11 18. Omental bursa 19. Azygos v. 20. Vertebra, T11 21. Multifidus m. 22. Thecal sac and spinal cord	23. Supraspinous ligament 24. Anterior longitudinal ligament 25. Thoracic aorta 26. Longissimus m. 27. Hemiazygos v. and lesser splanchnic nerve and sympathetic trunk 28. Pleural space and greater splanchnic nerve 29. Diaphragm 30. Lung, left lower lobe posterior basal segment 31. Inferior phrenic a. 32. Splenic v. in hilum of spleen 33. Spleen 34. Diaphragm 35. Celiac Iymph nodes	36. Stomach 37. Gastrocolic ligament 38. Rib 8 39. Colon, descending 40. Rib 7 41. Colon, transverse 42. Liver, left lobe 43. Ribs 6 and 7 44. Superior epigastric a. 45. Xiphoid process, tip and fat

This section passes through the lower third of the eleventh thoracic vertebra (20). It cuts ribs 11 (17), 10 (13), 9 (10), 8 (38), 7 (40, 43), and 6 (43) and the xiphoid process (45), which makes its last appearance in this section.

This section is still dominated by the liver (8). The left lobe of the liver (42) is diminishing in size, and the caudate lobe (5) is well defined. The transverse colon (41), stomach (36), and spleen (33) fill the left side of the abdomen. The hilum of the spleen contains the splenic vein (32), but the artery is out of the plane of section.

The right suprarenal gland (14) and the superior surface of the right kidney (16) make their first appearance.

The superior epigastric artery (44), inferior phrenic artery (31), hemiazygos vein (27), thoracic aorta (25), azygos vein (19), inferior vena cave (11), hepatic vein (9), and portal vein (4) are all identified in this section.

The greater (28) and lesser (27) splanchnic nerves (preganglionic sympathetic) are found.

The gastrocolic (37), anterior longitudinal (24), and supraspinous (23) ligaments may be seen.

Celiac Iymph nodes (35) may be found between the stomach (36) and the caudate lobe of the liver (5).

The thoracic cavity (28) contains small portions of lung, which make their final appearance in this section: left lower lobe posterior basal (30) and right lower lobe posterior basal (15).

Two of the three divisions of the erector spinae muscle are identified in this cut: longissimus (26) and multifidus (21). Other muscles include the diaphragm (3,29), latissimus dorsi (12), intercostal muscles (7), and rectus abdominis (1).

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