Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System: Arteries: Head, Neck, and Thorax
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
This artery is inconstant (absent in 30-40%) of individuals and may arise from other parts of the subclavian.
The usual branches are: superior (supreme) intercostal and the deep cervical.
It is found on the right side in 75% of cases and occurs on the left in only 30% of humans.
It is absent in 8-10% of cases, and thus its main branches may arise independently, most frequently from the second part of the subclavian.
The costocervical trunk may give rise to a lateral internal thoracic artery, which lies about midway between the sternum and vertebral bodies or the mid-axillary line.
The dorsal scapular artery may be an additional branch when it arises from the third part of the subclavian (34% of individuals).
The supreme intercostal, arteria supracostalis, and deep cervical artery may also arise from the costocervical trunk.
Image
94, 
Image
257, 
Image
320
Supracostalis
See Image 257
References
Anson, B.J., Ed. (1966) Morris' Human Anatomy, 12th ed., The Blakiston Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
Bergman, R.A., Thompson, S.A., Afifi, A.K. and F.A. Saadeh. (1988) Compendium of Human Anatomic Variation: Catalog, Atlas and World Literature. Urban & Schwarzenberg. Baltimore and Munich.
Daseler, E.H. and B.J. Anson. (1959) Surgical anatomy of the subclavian artery and its branches. Surg., Gynecol. Obstet. 108:149-174.
De Garis, C.F. (1924) Patterns of branching of the subclavian artery in White and Negro stocks. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 7:95-107.
Dubreuil, J.M. (1847) Des Anomalies Artèrielles. Bailliere, Paris.
Huelke, D.F. (1958) A study of the transverse cervical and dorsal scapular arteries. Anat. Rec. 132:233-245.
Huelke, D.F. (1959) Variations in the origin of the branches of the axillary artery. Anat. Rec. 135:33-41.
Kopsch, F. (1908) Rauber's Lehrbuch und Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen. Georg Thieme, Leipzig.
Nizankowski, C., Noczynski, L. and E. Suder. (1982) Variability of origin of ramifications of the subclavian artery in humans (studies on the Polish population). Folia Morphol., Warsaw 41:281-294.
Pensa, A. (1905) Osservazioni sulla morfologia e sullo sviluppo della arteria intercostalis suprema e delle arteriae intercostales. Bollettino della Societa Medico-Chirurgica, Pavia. 1:48-83.
Poynter, C.W.M. (1916) Arterial anomalies pertaining to the aortic arches and the branches arising from them. The University Studies of the University of Nebraska, Lincoln 16:229-345.
Poynter, C.W.M. (1922) Congenital anomalies of the arteries and veins of the human body with bibliography. The University Studies of the University of Nebraska, Lincoln 22:1-106.
Schaefer, E.A., Symington, J. and T.H. Bryce, Eds. (1915) Quain's Anatomy, 11th ed., Longmans, Green and Co., London.
Sebastian, A.A. (1847) De arteria supracostalis, eene nog niet beschrevene slagader van den mensch. Nederlandsch Lancet 3:431-437.
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