Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 3. Middle Thorax (Heart and Lungs)

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 3. Middle Thorax (Heart and Lungs)

Plate 3.2

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Ascending aorta 2. Sternocostal joint 3. Pericardial cavity 4. Transverse pericardial sinus 5. Pleural cavity 6. Superior vena cava 7. Lung, right upper lobe, anterior segment 8. Pectoralis major m. 9. Pectoralis minor m. 10. Lung, right upper lobe, posterior segment, and right pulmonary v. 11. Right pulmonary a. 12. Oblique interlobar fissure, right lung 13. Mediastinal Iymph nodes 14. Right bronchus	15. Rib 5 16. Intercostal neurovascular bundle 17. Serratus anterior m. 18. Mediastinal Iymph nodes 19. Thoracodorsal vessels 20. Rib 6 21. Latissimus dorsi m. 22. Teres major m. 23. Subscapularis m. (last appearance) 24. Infraspinatus m. (last appearance) 25. Serratus anterior m. 26. Lung, right lower lobe, superior segment, and scapula 27. Rhomboideus major m. 28. Esophagus 29. Rib 7 30. Azygos v. 31. Costotransverse ligament 32. Rib 7 costovertebral articulation, and radiate ligament 33. Dorsal lamina of vertebral arch 34. Thoracic duct 35. Multifidus m. and ligamentum flavum	36. Thoracic spine, T6 37. Spinal cord 38. Thoracic vertebral body, T7 39. Anterior longitudinal ligament and thoracic aorta (descending) 40. Trapezius m. 41. Longissimus thoracis m. 42. External intercostal m. 43. Intercostal v. 44. Thoracolumber fascia, posterior layer 45. Scapula 46. Lung, left lower lobe, superior segment 47. Left pulmonary a. 48. Lung, left interlobar (oblique) fissure, and left bronchus	49. Intercostal a. 50. Left pulmonary a. 51. Lung, left upper lobe, upper division, apical posterior segment 52. Rib 4 53. Left atrial appendage 54. Pericardiacophrenic a. and phrenic nerve 55. Lung, left upper lobe, upper division, anterior segment and pericardial fat 56. Left coronary a. 57. Pulmonary trunk (a.), atrioventricular valve segments 58. Right ventricular myocardium 59. Rib 3 60. Internal thoracic a. and v. 61. Anterior mediastinal fat 62. Sternum, body

This section passes through the seventh thoracic vertebra (38) at the superior edge of the superior and transverse costal pits; elements of the costar articulation (31, 32) are seen. The section cuts ribs 7 (29, 32), 6 (20), 5 (15), 4 (52), and 3 (59).

On the left side, the right ventricular myocardium (58), pulmonary trunk and semilunar (atrioventricular) valve segments (57), left coronary artery (56), pericardiacophrenic artery and phrenic nerve (54), left atrial appendage (53), and left pulmonary artery (50) are seen. An intercostal artery (49) and vein (43) are identified. The external intercostal (42), longissimus (41), and trapezius (40) muscles are also identified. 'The left bronchus (48), left upper (51, 55) and lower (46) lobes, and bronchopulmonary segments are identified. The sternum (62), scapula (45), thoracolumbar fascia, posterior layer (44), and the anterior longitudinal ligament (39) are seen.

In the middle mediastinum, the ascending aorta (1), superior vena cave (6), esophagus (28), descending thoracic aorta (39), the thoracic duct (34), and the azygos vein (30) are found. The transverse pericardial sinus (4) and the pericardial (3) and pleural cavities are seen. Mediastinal Iymph nodes are seen (13).

On the right side, the superior vena cave (6) and pulmonary artery (11) and vein (10) are identified. The oblique fissure (12) of the right lung separates the upper (7, 10) and middle lobes from the lower lobe (26). The following right lung bronchopulmonary segments may be identified: the right upper lobe anterior (7) and posterior (10) and the right lower lobe superior (26).

The radiate ligament of the costovertebral articulation (32), the costotransverse ligament of the costotransverse articulation (31), anterior longitudinal ligament (39), and ligamentum flavum (35) are all important connective tissue structures associated with the vertebral column or ribs.

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