Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

Plate 5.3

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Internal thoracic a. and v. 2. Pericardiacophrenic a. 3. Diaphragm 4. Lung, right lower lobe (anterior mediastinal edge) 5. External abdominal oblique m. 6. Peritoneal cavity 7. Liver parenchyma, right lobe 8. Diaphragm 9. Portal v., br. 10. Ligamentum venosum (of Arantius) and hepatogastric ligament (lesser omentum)	11. Lymph node 12. Liver, caudate (spigelian) lobe 13. Portal v. 14. Epiploic foramen (Winslow) 15. Inferior vena cava 16. Splanchnic nerve and inferior phrenic a. 17. Lung, right lower lobe 18. Diaphragm 19. Thoracic duct 20. Latissimus dorsi m. 21. Suprarenal gland 22. Azygos v. 23. Lung, right lower lobe 24. Thoracic aorta 25. Vertebral body, T11 26. Transverse process, T11, and spinal cord theca 27. Spinal cord, lumbar	28. Vertebral spinous process, T11 29. Transversospinalis m. 30. Hemiazygos v. 31. Costovertebral articulation 32. Rib 11 33. Longissimus m. 34. Diaphragm 35. Iliocostalis m. 36. Short gastric aa. and w. 37. Lung, left lower lobe 38. Rib 10 39. Splenic v. 40. Spleen 41. Rib 9 42. Lung, left lower lobe 43. Diaphragm	44. Omentum 45. Peritoneal cavity 46. Rib 8 47. Stomach 48. Gastrocolic ligament 49. Lung, lower lobe 50. Diaphragm 51. Rib 7 52. Left lobe hepatic appendix (beaver tail) (var.) 53. Transverse colon 54. diaphragm 55. Rib 6 56. Rectus abdominis m. 57. Rib 7 58. Liver, left lobe 59. Xiphoid process

This section includes both abdomen and thorax. It passes through the upper edge of the vertebral body of the eleventh thoracic vertebra (25) and its spinous (28) and transverse processes. It cuts the eleventh (32), tenth (38), ninth (41), eighth (46), seventh (51, 57), and sixth (55) ribs and the xiphoid process (59).

The liver (7), stomach (47), and spleen (40) dominate the section. The transverse colon (53) is seen in the upper right quadrant of the section above the left lobe of the liver (52), which is anomalous in this subject. Beneath the left lobe, in the lower right quadrant, the stomach (47) and spleen (40) are seen. On the left side of the section, various parts of the liver may also be seen: the massive parenchyma of the right lobe (7), the caudate lobe (12), and the ligamentum venosum (10). In the left lower quadrant, the suprarenal gland with its cortex and medulla is clearly identifiable.

The diaphragm (3, 18, 34,43,54) and various portions of the lungs are seen, including the left lower lobe (37, 42, 49) and right lower lobe (4, 17, 23).

The splenic vein (39), short gastric arteries and veins (36), hemiazygos (30) and azygos (22) veins, inferior vena cave (15), a branch of the portal vein (9), inferior phrenic artery (16), the pericardiacophrenic artery (2), internal thoracic artery and vein (1), and the thoracic aorta (24) are identified.

The rectus abdominis (56), iliocostalis (35), transversospinalis (29), latissimus dorsi (20), and longissimus (33) muscles can be seen. Longissimus is the largest component and iliocostalis is the lateral component of the erector spinae muscle.

The gastrocolic (48) and hepatogastric (10) ligaments are seen in this section.

The spinal cord (27) and a splanchnic nerve (16) that carries preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers are important elements of the nervous system seen in this section.

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